"粵有巨鎮，其名青龍。控江而淮浙輻輳，連海而閩楚交通。" —萬曆《青浦縣誌》
在上海青浦區白鶴鎮一個再普通不過的小村落裡，有一個被歲月掩埋的繁華古鎮，名為青龍。
它是古時上海第一鎮，興起於唐代，鼎盛於宋代，比今天依然興盛的朱家角、七寶老街、南翔、楓涇等古鎮還要古老。
In the Baihe Town, Qingpu district of Shanghai once sat a bustling town called "Qinglong." It was built in Tang dynasty at the lower reach of Wusong River and reached its peak of prosperity in Song dynasty due to its convenient passage to the sea.
青龍塔 Qinglong Tower, one of the few remains of Qinglong Town
它長期存在於零星的古籍中，經過千年歲月的洗禮，現存地面遺蹟已經不多，只有地面上佇立著的青龍塔，彷彿在述說它曾經的繁華。
The town, with its history of prosperous foreign trade, was later forgotten, as the Wusong River silted up and its harbour was abandoned and replaced. Only a tower of the same name was left on its former site.
唐宋時期，青龍鎮因地處吳淞江（今蘇州河）下游，佔據得天獨厚的地理優勢，成為上海地區最早的對外貿易港口。
它的市鎮規模也迅速發展，人口雜處，百貨交集，南宋時被譽為"富商巨賈、豪宗右姓之所會"，有“小杭州”之稱。
In 1988, a few wells of Tang dynasty and pieces of porcelain from the Changsha Kiln were discovered in the Qinglong Village in the city, which reminded archaeologists of the Qinglong Town mentioned in historical records.
後來吳淞江日漸淤塞，宋時漸次萎縮為9裡、5裡、3裡，至元時江面寬僅1裡。
聽說呀，當時宋朝范仲淹、元朝任仁發，明朝夏元吉、海瑞等著名水利專家和朝廷官員都親自參加了疏浚吳淞江的水利工程。
宋代末年到元代，由於吳淞江的入海口淤塞，海舶只能停泊於離海更近的上海浦一帶。
上海浦則從此興起，原本盛極一時的青龍鎮漸漸被人們遺忘。
01 尋找古鎮遺址
雖然青龍鎮的文獻記載不多，但最初對於青龍鎮遺址範圍的劃定，就是依據文獻進行的。
青龍鎮遺址位置圖 The location of Qinglong Town
In 2010, the archaeological team from the Shanghai Museum started to conduct archaeological excavation on the historical site of Qinglong Town.
文獻上記載了青龍鎮裡有條叫通波塘的河道，現在當地還存有一條叫此名字的河道。
儘管該河道寬度比文獻記載的要小很多，但由於以前高速公路少，通波塘直到上世紀90年代還承載著河運功能。
考古隊員對遺址進行長期考古勘探後，發現遺址的主要堆積位於通波塘兩岸，從而初步鎖定了青龍鎮遺址的大體範圍。
Historical records mention a river called "Tongbo Tang (brook)" in Qinglong Town. There happens to be a river of the same name in the city, which was used for shipping until 1990s. Therefore, archaeologists determined that the ancient town might be located at the banks of Tongbo Tang (brook).
02 激活文獻裡的青龍鎮
2010至2016年上海博物館考古研究部對遺址進行了3次發掘及多次調查與勘探，逐步揭開這個繁華一時的貿易港口的神祕面紗。
青龍鎮遺址發掘航拍圖 The historical site of Qinglong Town
In 2012 and 2013, a big and long-used workshop, possibly for iron casting, from Tang dynasty was discovered, as well as a sophisticated well and a number of relics from Tang dynasty, including an exquisite bronze mirror and an iron axe.
來瞧瞧專家們發現了啥~
一. 找到了一處範圍較大、使用時間較長的唐代鑄造作坊遺蹟，可能為鑄鐵作坊，這是鑄造作坊在上海的首次發現。
二. 發現了一座做工考究的唐代水井，考古隊員們還在裡面發現了不少唐代的遺物，比如銅鏡、鐵斧、鐵鼎等。其中一面鸚鵡銜綬帶銅鏡造型非常生動，工藝尤為精湛。
上海青龍鎮考古發掘出土的唐鸚鵡銜綬帶銅鏡
The exquisite bronze mirror from Tang dynasty discovered in the Qinglong Town historical site.
通過2012年度的發掘，考古人員還發現，唐代青龍鎮的範圍與宋代的並不完全重合。
結合文獻得知，從唐代到宋代以後，吳淞江（今蘇州河）面寬縮窄，青龍鎮的範圍便從南向北擴大，考古發掘再次印證了文獻記載。
The footing and the basement of the Longping Temple tower, a landmark of Qinglong Town recorded in historical records, were also discovered. After five layers of box package in the basement were removed, a bunch of valuable relics, such as an Asoka Tower, a string of prayer beads and some Śarīra, made their appearances.
三. 發現了隆平寺塔基及地宮（其中精彩，下回分解）
隆平寺塔基地宮側視圖
四. 出土了來自福建、浙江、江西等窯口可復原瓷器超過6000件和數十萬片碎瓷片。
通過鑑定得知，這些瓷器絕大部分為中國南方窯口生產，包括唐代著名的越窯、德清窯、長沙窯，宋代的龍泉窯、景德鎮窯、建窯等等。
Also unearthed were hundreds and thousands of porcelain shards. Based on historical records and the identification of such porcelain, archaeologists believed the porcelain were produced at kilns in Southern Chinese provinces such as Fujian, Zhejiang and Changsha and shipped to Qinglong Town for trade.
這些瓷片的發現，說明青龍鎮對外貿易的貨物商品，都是通過從內地轉口來進行貿易的。
古時青龍鎮作為"海舶百貨交集"、"海商輻輳之所"，可是唐宋時期，上海和蘇州、秀州地區重要的貨物集散地和對外貿易的大碼頭呀。
As the porcelain unearthed share some similarities with those discovered in Japan and the Korean Peninsula, it is likely that these porcelain were shipped to Qinglong Town for export to foreign countries north.
瓷片堆 A pile of porcelain shards found
青龍鎮大量出土的建窯瓷器與朝鮮半島、日本等地發現的瓷器非常相似，證明了宋代時期中國南方瓷器通過青龍鎮轉口，然後沿海北上，銷往高麗與日本等國家。
03 2016年度全國十大考古新發現！
青龍鎮遺址的發現不僅為海上絲綢之路增加了一個新的節點，也是上海城市發展的重要一環。同時它還被選為“2016年度全國十大考古新發現”呢。
The archaeological discovery of the Qinglong Town historical site offered us important information about the urban development history of Shanghai area and served as an vindication of Shanghai's important role in maritime trade in history.
Source: WeChat（絲路雲帆）