頂部帶屋頂花園的白色巴西房屋
Estúdio 41 tops small white Brazilian house with roof garden
由專築網邵紅佳，李韌編譯
Estúdio 41建築公司設計了這座白色的小房子，它是一棟可持續建築，設有光伏板、屋頂花園和雨水收集系統。
Hauer住宅位於巴西東南部城市庫裡蒂巴。這個項目以房屋所在地命名，該區以前是工業區，現在變成了居住社區。
Architecture firm Estúdio 41 has designed this small, white house in Brazil to be highly sustainable, including photovoltaic panels, a green roof and a rainwater collection system.
Hauer House is located in Curitiba in southern Brazil. The project is named after its location in the city's Hauer district – a former industrial zone that has transitioned to a residential neighbourhood.
這個項目的主要目標是創造出一種“經濟環保型建築”，且易於維護。還有一點十分重要，那就是有足夠的室外空間。
為了滿足上述要求，設計小組構想了一座單層住宅，只佔據矩形場地的二分之一。場地的其餘部分將會是露天院落。
The main goal for the project was to create an "economically and environmentally correct building" that would be easy to maintain. Providing ample outdoor space was also important.
In response, the team conceived a 119-square-metre, single-storey dwelling, which takes up just half of the rectangular property. The remainder of the site is turned over to outdoor areas.
建築師在設計說明中說道：“極簡的建築方案使它在經濟上可行，同時釋放了戶外空間。”
低矮的房子平面上呈L形，庭院周圍有柵欄。位於庭院外的樓梯由懸臂式混凝土臺階組成，通向屋頂花園。
"A house with minimal programme was expected to make the building feasible financially, while also freeing up outside space," said local firm Estúdio 41 in a project description.
The low-lying house is L-shaped in plan, with rectilinear bars organised around a courtyard. Situated off the courtyard is a staircase comprising cantilevered, concrete steps, which leads up to a rooftop garden.
混凝土磚牆上刷成了白色，降低了成本。該建築物的地樁深深打入地下，適應脆弱的土壤和淺層地下水。
住宅對面是翠綠的草坪，高高的穿孔金屬板將它一分為二。這面牆具有視覺穿透性，可以讓人感受到住宅與街道和周圍環境的聯繫。
White-painted walls are made of concrete blocks, which helped keep costs down. The building's foundation – which features piles driven deep into the ground – responds to fragile soil conditions and a shallow water table.
A verdant lawn is set to the front of the residence and bisected by a tall fence made of perforated metal panels. The wall has a transparent quality, enabling the home to feel connected to the street and surrounding neighbourhood.
住宅十分通透，伸縮玻璃幕牆模糊了室內外的界限。在陽光直射的地區，通過雙層玻璃窗來散熱。住宅中的多個開口使新鮮空氣得以循環。
“所有內部空間都保證了自然通風，在盛行風的方向上，窗口開的更大。”建築師說。
The home has large apertures, including retractable glass walls that diminish the boundary between inside and out. In areas that receive direct sunlight, the team used double-glazed windows to help reduce heat gain. The numerous openings in the dwelling enable fresh air to circulate throughout.
"Natural ventilation is guaranteed in all internal spaces, being amplified by the positioning of large openings in the direction of prevailing winds," the studio said.
在設計初始，可持續概念就一直是設計指導思想。為了減少熱量消耗，這座住宅裝備有8個太陽能電池板，每一個能夠產生270瓦的電量，遠遠超過了建築所需。太陽能電池板和電網相連，可以為業主創造收入。
From the very start of the project, sustainability was a guiding concern. In addition to strategies to reduce energy consumption, the home has eight photovoltaic panels, each with a capacity of 270 watts. The solar array, which is tied into the electric grid, can generate more power than the home requires, resulting in credits for the owners.
設計小組同時還採取了節水措施。雨水儲存到屋頂和底下蓄水池，然後引導到房屋的各個水龍頭處。此外，植被景觀收集了一部分雨水，減輕了公共排水管道的負擔。
The team also incorporated measures for conserving water. Rainwater is stored in rooftop and underground cisterns – and then channelled to various taps around the property. Moreover, the vegetated landscaped captures stormwater and reduces the amount of rain sent to the public drainage system.
該小組在設計和建造過程中運用了BIM技術，從而提高了設計控制水平和施工精度。
建築師說：“設計過程就像是裁剪做衣服一樣，測量精確，沒有任何多餘或者遺漏。”
氣候響應型建築已成為巴西的一種常見建築類型。
優先考慮環境因素的案例包括由FCstudio設計的Box住宅，該建築的房間完全向室外開放，以及Martins Lucena設計的IF住宅，該建築的設計目的是捕捉盛行風，最大限度地減少熱量。
照片：Eron Costin
The team used building information modelling (BIM) during both the design and construction stages, which allowed for heightened control and precision.
"The design process was just like the tailor's craft, where the measurements are precise – nothing in excess or missing," the team said.
Creating climate-responsive buildings has become a common practice in Brazil.
Other recent projects in the country that prioritise environmental factors include the Box House by FCstudio, which has rooms that fully open to the outdoors, and the IF House by Martins Lucena, which was designed to capture prevailing breezes and minimise solar heat gain.
Photography is by Eron Costin.
項目信息：
建築設計：Studio 41
執行：Eron Costin
結構計算：FlávioNogueira, Fattor Structural Projects
水環境工程：ALG Engenharia
電氣工程：ALG Engenharia
Project credits:
Architect: Estúdio 41
Execution: Eron Costin
Structural calculation: Flávio Nogueira, Fattor Projetos Estruturais
Hydrosanitary project: ALG Engenharia
Electrical project: ALG Engenharia
【專築網版權與免責聲明】：本網站註明“來源：專築網”的所有內容版權屬專築網所有，如需轉載，請註明出處