初二年級（中）
【知識梳理】
I. 重點短語
1. give a concert
2. fall down
3. go on
4. at the end of
5. go back
6. in ahurry
7. write down
8. come out
9. all the year round
10. later on
11. at times
12. ring sb. up
13. Happy New Year!
14. have a party
15. hold on
16. hear from
17. be ready
18. at the moment
19. take out
20.the same as
21. turn over
22. get-together
23. put on
24. take a seat
25. wait for
26. get lost
27. just then
28. first of all
29. go wrong
30. make a noise
31. get on
32. get off
33. stand in line
34. at the head of
35. laugh at
36. throw about
37. in fact
38. at midnight
39. enjoy oneself
40. have a headache
41. have a cough
42. fall asleep
43. again and again
44. look over
45. take exercise
II. 重要句型
1. be good for sth.
2. I think …
3. I hope…
4. I love…
5. I don’t like…
6. I’m sure…
7. forget to do sth.
8. take a message for sb.
9. give sb. the message
10. help yourself to sth.
11. be famous for sth.
12. on one’s way to…
13. make one’s way to…
14. quarrel with sb.
15. agree with sb.
16. stop sb. from doing sth.
III. 交際用語
1.What’s the weather like today?
2.It’s cold, but quite suuny.
3.How cold it is today!
4.Yes, but it’ll be warmer later on.
5.Shall we make a snowman?
6.Ok. Come on!
7.Happy New Year!
8.May I speak to Ann, please?？
9.Hold on, please.
10.Thanks a lot for inviting me to your party.
11.Ok. But I’m afraid I may be a little late.
12.Can I take a message for you?
13.That’s OK. It doesn’t matter.
14.I’m very sorry, but I can’t come.
15.I’m sorry to hear that.
16.Happy birthday!
17.Would you like ...? Would you like to ...?
18.Do you think ...? Yes, I think so. / No, I don't think so.
19.Do you agree? Yes, I agree. / No, don't really agree. I really can't agree.
20.There are a few / a lot of ... / on it.
21.So do we.
22.I'm happy you like it.
23.Which is the way to ..., please?
24.Turn right/left at the ... crossing.
25.Go on until you reach ...
26.How can I get to ...? Go down/up/along this road.
27.What's the matter?
28.It'll take you half an hour to ...
29.We'd better catch a bus.
30.It may be in ... Ah, so it is
31.You must be more careful!
32.You mustn't cross the road now.
33.If you want to cross a street, you must wait for the green light.
34.Please stand in line.
35.You must wait for your turn.
36.If you don't go soon, you'll be late.
37.I don't feel very well.
38.My head hurts.
39.You mustn't eat anything until you see the doctor.
40.What's the trouble?
41.What's the matter with…?
42.She didn't feel like eating anything.
43.Nothing serious.
44.Have/get a pain in…
45.No problem.
46.Take this medicine three times a day.
IV. 重要語法
1. 一般過去時；
2. 反意疑問句的用法；
3. 一般將來時；
4. 感嘆句；
5. 簡單句的五種基本句型；
6. 情態動詞can, may和must, have to的用法；
7. 時間狀語從句和條件狀語從句。
【名師講解】
1. above/ over/ on
這三個介詞都表示“在……之上”，但含義不同。on指在某物的表面上，和某物接觸；above指在某物的上方，不和某物接觸，但也不一定在某物的正上方；over指在某物的正上方，不和某物接觸。試比較：There is a book on the desk.課桌上有一本書。
I raise my right hand above my head. 我把右手高舉過頭。
There is a stone bridge over the river. 河面上有座石橋。
2. forget to do sth./forget doing sth.
forget to do sth.意思是“忘記做某事”，實際上還沒做；forget doing sth,意思是“忘記做過某事”，實際上已經做過了。試比較：I forgot to tell him the news.我忘記告訴他這條消息了。
I forgot telling him the news.我已經把這條消息告訴他了，我卻忘了。
類似的詞還有：remember, regret等。
3. hope/wish
hope和wish 在漢語中都有“希望”的意思，但其含義和用法有所不同。主要區別如下：
(1)wish可以用來表示不可實現的願望；hope只能用來表示可能實現的願望。例如：
I wish I were 20 years younger.我但願自己能年輕二十歲。
I hope you’ll be better soon. 我希望你能很快好起來。
I wish the weather wasn’t so cold. 但願天氣不這麼冷。
I hope he will come, too. 我希望他也能來。
(2)wish可以接sb. to do sth. 的結構，而hope不可以。例如：
Do you wish me to come back later? 你是否希望我再來？
4. be sure to do sth./ be sure of/about sb. or sth.
(1)be sure to do sth.可以用來表示說話人給對方提出要求，意思是“務必”，也可以用來表示說話人做出的推斷，意思是“一定”，“肯定”。例如：
Be sure to lock the door when you leave.你離開時務必把門鎖好。
It’s a good film. You are sure to enjoy it.這是一部好電影，你肯定會喜歡的。
(2)be sure of/about sb.or sth. 可用來表示“某人對某事有把握”。例如：
I’m sure of his success.我相信他會成功。
I think it was three years ago, but I’m not sure about it.我想那是三年前的事情，但我沒有把握。
5. hear from/hear of
hear意思是“聽到”，從哪裡聽到要用from來表示。例如：
I’ve heard from Xiao Wu that we’ll start out military training tomorrow.我聽小吳說，我們明天開始軍訓。Listen to the tape and write out what you hear from Han Mei.聽錄音，並寫出你從韓梅那裡聽到的內容。
hear from還有一個意思是“收到某人的來信”（=receive a letter from sb.）。例如：
I heard from my pen friend in the U.S.A. last month. 上個月我受到了美國筆友的來信。
I heard from her last week. 我上週接到了她的來信。
hear of和和hear from含義不同。hear of 意思是“聽說”，“得知”（某事或某人的存在），常用在疑問句和否定句裡。例如：Who is he? I’ve never heard of him.他是誰？我從來沒有聽說過他。I never heard of such a thing! 這樣的事我從來沒有聽說過。
6. It’s a pleasure./With pleasure.
It’s a pleasure這句話常用作別人向你表示致謝時的答語，意思是“那是我樂意做的”。例如：
---Thank you for helping me. 謝謝你地幫助。---It’s a pleasure. 那是我樂意做的。
---Thanks a lot. Bye.非常感謝。 再見。---It’s a pleasure. 那是我樂意做的。再見。
類似的話還有 “Not at all.” “You are welcome.” “That’s all right.”
With pleasure也用作客氣的答語，主要用在別人要你做某事，而你又非常願意去做的場合。例如：---Will you please pass me the newspaper, please?請你把報紙遞給我好嗎？
---With pleasure.當然可以。
7. seem/look
(1)二者都可以作“看起來”講，但seem暗示憑藉一些跡象作出的有根據的判斷，這種判斷往往接近事實；look著重強調由視覺得出的印象。兩者都可跟(to be)+形容詞和as if從句。如：He seems / looks (to be) very happy today. 他今天看起來很高興。
It looks (seems) as if it it is going to rain. 好像要下雨了。
(2)但下列情況中只用seem不用look：
1)後跟不定式to do時。如：He seems to know the answer. 他似乎知道答案。
2)在It seems that ...結構中。如：It seems that he is happier now than yesterday.他像比昨天高興些了。
8. be ready to do/be ready for/ get ready to do/get ready for
(1)be ready to do和be ready for…表示“已作好…的準備”，強調狀態
(2)get ready to do和get ready for…表示“為…做準備”，強調行為。如：
I'm ready to do anything you want me to do. 我願意/隨時準備做一切做你要我做的事。
I'm ready for any questions you may ask.我願意/隨時準備回答你可能問的問題。
He's getting ready to leave for Tokyo.他正準備動身去東京。
Let's get ready for the hard moment.我們為這一艱難時刻作好準備吧。
(3)be ready to do 通常可理解“樂於做某事”，即思想上總是有做某事的準備。be not ready to do表示“不輕易做某事”。如：He's usually not ready to listen to others.他通常不輕易聽從別人。
9. at table/at the table
at table在吃飯，at the table在桌子旁邊。例如：The Greens are at table. 格林一家人在吃飯。
Mr. Black is sitting at the table and reading a book.布萊克先生坐在桌旁讀書。
10. reach, arrive/get to
三者都有"到達"之意。reach是及物動詞，後直接加名詞，get和arrive是不及物動詞，不能直接加名詞，須藉助於介詞。get to後加名詞地點，若跟副詞地點時，to去掉；arrive at +小地方，arrive in+大地方。如：
Lucy got to the zoo before 8 o'clock. 露西8點前到了動物園。
When did your parents arrive in Shanghai? 你父母何時到上海的？
It was late when I got home. 我到家時天色已晚。
11. sick/ill
二者都是形容詞。當“生病的，患病“之意時，ill只作表語，不作定語；而sick既可作表語也可作定語。sick有"嘔吐，噁心"的意思，只能作表語，而ill無此意。如：
Li Lei was ill last week. (只作表語)李磊上週生病了。He's a sick man. （作定語）他是病人。不能說成：He's an ill man.My grandfather was sick for a month last year. （作表語）我祖父去年病了一個月。
12. in time/on time
in time是"及時"的意思，on time是"準時，按時"。如：I didn't get to the bus stop in time. 我沒有及時趕上汽車。We'll finish our job on time. 我們要按時完成任務。
13. may be/maybe
It may be in your inside pocket. = Maybe it is in your inside pocket. 也許在你裡邊的口袋裡。第一句中may be是情態動詞+be 動詞構成的謂語部分，意思是"也許是"，"可能是"；第二句中的maybe是副詞，意思是"可能"，常位於句首，不能位於句中，相當於另一副詞 perhaps。再如：Maybe you put it in that bag.也許你放在了那隻包裡。（不能說You maybe put it
in that bag.）It may be a hat.那可能是頂帽子。（不能說It maybe a hat. 或It maybe is a hat.）
14. noise/ voice/ sound
noise 指嘈雜聲，噪音大的吵雜聲。voice是指說話的聲音，嗓音，嗓子。sound是指耳朵能夠聽到的聲音、鬧聲等。它是表示聲音之意的最普通的字。有時還用作科學上的聲音。例如：
Don't make so much noise! 別那麼大聲喧譁！
I didn't recognize John's voice on the telephone. 在電話裡我聽不出約翰的聲音。
He spoke in a low voice. 他低聲說話。We heard a strange sound. 我們聽到了一種奇怪的聲音。
Sound travels fast, but light travels faster. 聲音傳得快，但是光傳得更快。
初二英語（下）
【知識梳理】
I. 重點短語
1. on time
2. out of
3. all by oneself
4. lots of
5. no longer
6. get back
7. sooner or later
8. run away
9. eat up
10. take care of
11. turn off
12. turn on
13. after a while
14. make faces
15. teach oneself
16. fall off
17. play the piano
18. knock at
19. to one's surprise
20. look up
21. enjoy oneself
22. help yourself
23. tell a story / stories
24. leave....behind ……
25. come along
26. hold a sports meeting
27. be neck and neck
28. as ... as
29. not so / as ... as
30. do one's best
31. take part in
32. a moment late
33. Bad luck!
34. fall behind
35. high jump
36. long jump
37. relay race
38. well done!
39. take off
40. as usual
41. a pair of
42. at once
43. hurry off
44. come to oneself
45. after a while
46. knock on
47. take care of
48. at the moment
49. set off
50. here and there
51. on watch
52. look out
53. take one’s place
II. 重要句型
1. We’d better not do sth.
2. leave one. oneself
3. find one’s way to a place
4. stand on one’s head
5. make sb. Happy
6. catch up with sb.
7. pass on sth. to somebody
8. spend time doing sth.
9. go on doing sth.
10. get on well with sb.
11. be angry with sb.
12. be fed up with sth.
13. not…until…
14. make room for sb.
III. 交際用語
1. We’re all by ourselves.
2. I fell a little afraid.
3. Don’t be afraid.
4. Help!
5. Can’t you hear anything?
6. I can’t hear anything / anybody there.
7. Maybe it’s a tiger.
8. Let’s get it back before they eat the food.
9. Did she learn all by herself?
10. Could she swim when she was …years old?
11. She didn’t hurt herself.
12. He couldn’t buy himself many nice things.
13. Did he enjoy himself?
14. Help yourselves.
15. Bad luck!
16. Come on!
17. Well done! Congratulations (to…)!
18. It must be very interesting.
19. I don’t think you’ll like it.
20. It seems to be an interesting book.
21. I’m sure (that)… I’m not sure if… I’m not sure what to…
22. I hope so.
23. What was he/she drawing when…?
24. I’m sorry to trouble you.
25. Would you please…?
26. What were you doing at ten o’clock yesterday morning?
27. You look tired today.
28. You’d better go to bed early tonight, if you can.
29. How kind!
30. Let’s move the bag, or it may cause an accident.
31. It’s really nice of you.
32. Don’t mention it.
33. Don’t crowd around him.
IV. 重要語法
1. 不定代詞/副詞的運用；
2. 反身代詞的用法；
3. 並列句；
4. 形容詞和副詞的比較等級；
5. 冠詞的用法；
6. 動詞的過去進行時；
【名師講解】
1. bring/take
Bring表示“帶來、拿來”，指從別處朝說話人所在或將在的地方“帶來、拿來”。而take則表示“拿去、帶走”，它表示的方向與bring相反，指從說話人所在地“拿走、帶走”。如：
Bring me the book, please. 把那本書給我拿來。
Take some food to the old man. 給那位老人帶去些食物。
2. somebody/ anybody/nobody
一般說來，somebody用於定句，anybody用於否定句、疑問句和條件狀語從句。例如：
Somebody came to see you when you were out. 你出來時有人來見你。
Does anybody live on this island? 有人在這島上住嗎？
I didn't see anybody there. 我在那兒誰也沒看見。
Don't let anybody in. I'm too busy to see anybody. 別讓任何人進來。我太忙，誰也不想見。
There is nobody in the room. 房間裡沒人。
Nobody told me that you were ill, so I didn't know about it .誰也沒告訴我你病了所以我不知道。
3. listen, listen to, hear
這三個詞意思都是“聽”，但是它們的用法不完全相同。它們的區別在於：
(1)listen 只用於不及物動詞，後面接人或人物做賓語，著重於“傾聽”，指的是有意識的動作，至於是否聽到，並非強調的重點。如：
Listen! Someone is singing in the classroom. 聽！有人在教室唱歌。
(2)listen to 為listen的及物形式，後面一定要接人或物做賓語，這裡的to是介詞。如：
Do you like listening to light music?你喜歡聽輕音樂嗎？
(3)hear 可用作及物動詞，也可用作不及物動詞，意思是“聽到、聽見”，指用耳朵聽到了某個聲音，表示無意識的動作，著重於聽的能力和結果。如：We hear with our ears.我們用耳朵聽。She listens but hears nothing.她聽了聽，但是什麼也沒有聽見。
4. many/ much/ a few/ a little/ few/ little
(1)many修飾可數名詞，much修飾不可數名詞；都表示許多。例如：
He has many books.他有許多書。He drank much milk.他喝了許多牛奶。
(2)a few和a little都表示"有一點兒"，側重於肯定，相當於"some"，但a few修飾可數名詞，a little修飾不可數名詞，例如：He has a few friends in London.他在倫敦有一些朋友。
Would you like some coffee? Yes, just a little.喝點咖啡好嗎？好的，只要一點。
(3)few和little表示"幾乎沒有"，側重否定。few後接可數名詞，little後接不可數名詞。例如：
He is a strange man. He has few words.他是個怪人，他幾乎不說什麼話。
Hurry up, there is little time left.趕快，沒什麼時間了。
5. either/ neither/ both
either可作形容詞，一般指"兩者中的任何一個"。有時也可表示"兩個都……"的意思，後跟名詞的單數形式；neither: 指兩者中沒有一個，全否定；both: 指兩者都，肯定。句中可作主語、賓語和定語，both後面應跟名詞的複數形式。如：Neither of the films is good.兩部電影都不好。（沒有一部是好的）Either of the films is good. 兩部電影都不錯。（謂語動詞用單數）Both the teachers often answer the questions.這兩個老師都常常解答問題。
6. take part in/join
take part in參加某種活動; join參加，加入某一政黨或組織。例如：Can you take part in my party.你能來參加我的派對嗎？We often take part in many school activities.我們經常參加學校裡的一些活動。He joined the party in 1963. 他1963年入的黨。My little brother joined the army last year. 我小弟去年參的軍。
7. quite/ rather/ very
(1)quite 表示程度“很，十分，完全地”，“相當”。如：She is quite right.她對極了。
That's not quite what I want . 那並不完全是我所要的。
(2)rather 表示程度上的“相當”，比預想地程度要大，通常用在不喜歡的情況下。如：It's rather cold today.今天的天氣相當冷。
(3)very 表示程度“很，甚，極其，非常”，用於修飾形容詞或副詞，既可用在喜歡的情況下，也可用於不喜歡的情況下。應注意“a very +形容詞+可數名詞的單數”結構中，"a"應置於"very"之前，該結構相當“quite a/an +形容詞+名詞”的結構。如：Two months is quite a long time. / a very long time. 兩個月是一段很長的時間。It's a very nice day / quite a nice day. 今天天氣很好。
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