★說明文是對事情的發生、發展、結果、特徵、性質、狀態、功能等進行解釋、介紹、闡述的一種文體。說明文的種類很多，主要有事物說明文和事理說明文。說明文有三個特點：知識的科學性；行文的條理性；語言的準確性。

高考中說明文的命題形式一般為圖表、圖畫或文字提示。

英語說明文一般採用三段式：第一段主要引出說明的對象及說明的目的；第二段說明事物的主要特徵或做事情的方法或步驟；第三段進行總結概括。

寫作時要注意：

(1)仔細審題，明確說明對象，抓住要說明的事物或事理的主要特徵。

(2)選擇合理的說明順序。思路要清晰，層次要分明。要根據不同的說明對象，採用不同的說明順序，如時間順序、空間順序或邏輯順序等。

(3)根據不同的說明對象，選擇恰當的說明方法，比如定義法、舉例法、比較法和細節描述法等，不要遺漏主要內容。

(4)語言要準確。說明文寫作時態通常用一般現在時。寫作時要使用準確、明晰的語言來說明事物的特徵，避免對讀者造成誤導。

(5)根據說明順序及內容選用恰當的過渡詞和句型結構。表達應客觀、簡潔、明瞭，一般不加個人觀點。

寫作任務

近年來，校園暴力、校園欺凌事件不斷髮生，而且很多事件情節極其惡劣，影響很壞。假如你是學生會主席陳輝，請你以School bullying為主題寫一篇英語短文，以引起大家對校園欺凌的重視，制止校園欺凌。短文內容包括：

★短文內容包括：

1. 校園欺凌的含義；

2. 校園欺凌的形式：身體方面、情感方面及網上欺凌；

3. 校園欺凌的危害：施暴者可能輟學、違法；受害者抑鬱、對上學失去興趣；

4. 呼籲採取有效措施來制止校園欺凌。

注意：

1. 詞數100左右；

2. 可適當增加細節，以使行文連貫。

參考句型

1.校園欺凌是發生在校園裡的一種欺凌現象。

◆School bullying is a type of bullying that occurs in schools.

◆School bullying is a type of bullying occurring in schools.

◆School bullying means a type of bullying occurring in schools.

◆School bullying is a type of bullying; it occurs in schools.

2. 那些欺凌他人的學生通常挑那些更弱的、更孤單的人作為欺凌對象。

◆Some students who bully others usually pick on someone who is weaker or more alone.

◆Some students bullying others usually pick on someone who is weaker or more alone.

◆The students who are weaker or more alone usually become the victims of the students who bully others.

3. 那些欺凌他人的學生更可能輟學甚至違法。

◆It’s more likely that students who bully others drop out of school and even break the law.

◆Students who bully others are more likely to drop out of school and even break the law.

◆Students bullying others are more likely to drop out of school and even break the law.

◆Dropping out of school and even breaking the law are what students who bully others are more likely to do.

4.有時候他們會採取極端措施，這可能會導致悲劇的結果。

◆Sometimes they take extreme measures, which can lead to tragic results.

◆Sometimes they take extreme measures and it can result in tragic results.

◆Sometimes they take extreme measures; it can result in tragic results.

◆Sometimes they take extreme measures. It can result in tragic results.

5. 考慮到以上危害，(我們)必須要採取有效措施來制止校園欺凌。

◆With the above harm considered, effective measures must be taken to stop school bullying.

◆The above harm considered, effective measures must be taken to stop school bullying.

◆After the above harm is considered/ taken into consideration, effective measures must be taken to stop school bullying.

參考範文

Bullying is acting in ways that scare or harm another person. School bullying is a type of bullying that occurs in schools. Some students who bully others usually pick on someone who is weaker or more alone, and they repeat the actions over and over.

Bullying usually takes three forms: physical harm, emotional harm and cyber bullying. Cyber bullying means using high-tech devices to spread rumors or to send hurtful messages or pictures.

It’s more likely that students bullying others can drop out of school and even break the law. The students who are bullied are more likely to feel depressed and lose interest in going to school. Sometimes they take extreme measures, which can lead to tragic results.

With the above harm considered, effective measures must be taken to stop school bullying.

★點評：

此說明文結構安排合理，分段恰當，說明順序清晰，說明方法恰當，重點突出，語言簡潔，句式多樣，使用了定語從句(包括限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句)、with+複合賓語、V-ing形式作後置定語、it作形式主語等；時態以一般現在時為主，多處使用了被動語態。