單詞的發音規律(拼讀法記單詞用)

籃球兄弟 英語 ℃-ute 人工智能 我是阿桂啊 2019-07-07


英語單詞的音節及讀音規則

1. 音節概念

在英語單詞中元音特別響亮,一個發音的元音就可以構成一個音節,所以英語單詞的音節是以發音的元音來確定的。只有一個發音的元音構成的單詞稱為單音節詞,有兩個發音的元音構成的單詞稱為雙音節詞,三個以上發音的元音構成的單詞稱為多音節詞。

例:

雙音節詞:go, he, stand, think, please, take, some, what, glad, smoke, child, taught

雙音節詞:teacher, brother, Sunday, neighbor, darkness, breakfast, comment , open

多音節詞:exercise, holiday, separate, celebrate, institute, opportunity

modernization

注:一個單詞音節數的多少並不是按組成單詞字母的多少來劃分的。

2. 單詞重音

在英語的雙音節以上的單詞中,有一個或兩個讀得特別響亮的音節,我們稱為重讀音節,國際音標上

標有“′”這樣的重讀符號。一般說來一個單詞只有一個重音。

例:Sunday [’ndi] begin [bi’ɡin]

3. 開音節

開音節一共有兩種:

一種叫絕對開音節,即直接以發音的元音字母結尾的單詞。

例:go [ɡəʊ], he [hi:], no [nəʊ], we [wi:], who [hu:]

另一種叫做相對開音節,即發音的元音字母后有一個輔音字母(r 除外)再加一個不發音的字母e。

例:make [meik], note [nəʊt], these [ði:z], like [laik], use [ju:z]

4. 閉音節

發音的元音字母后面有一個或幾個輔音字母(r除外)時,這個元音字母構成的音節叫閉音節。如果單詞重音在這個音節上,該閉音節就叫做重讀閉音節。

例:bad [bæd], thank [θæŋk], desk [desk], sit [sit], stick [stik], fog [fɒɡ], shop [ʃɒp]; sun [sʌn], must [mʌst]

5. 元音字母在開音節中的一般發音

A a [ei], Ee [i:], Ii [ai], Oo [əʊ], Uu [ju:]

例:take [teik], late [leit], he [hi:], theme [θi:m], time [taim], nice [nais], no [nəʊ]; joke [jəʊk], tune [tju:n], cute [kju:t];

6. 元音字母在重讀閉音節中的一般發音

A a [æ], Ee [e], Ii [i], Oo [ɒ], Uu [ʌ]

例:lamp [læmp], plan [plæn], well [wel], best [best], mill [mil], wish [wiʃ], hot [hɒt]; drop [drɒp], club [clʌb], but [bʌt]

7. 各元音在開音節和閉音節的讀音規則

1)A a

開音節中多讀 [ei] 字母本身的音。 詞例:name, plane, cake, take;

但have中卻發 [æ]

重讀閉音節中多讀 [æ]。 詞例:bad, lamp, tank, cat, map

a 的前面是輔音[w]時讀作[ɒ]。 詞例:want, wash, what, quality

a 的後面是 ss, st, sp, sk, th, f, n 時常讀作[a:]。 詞例:class, fast, grasp, ask, bath, staff, dance, command

2) E e

開音節中多讀 [i:] 字母本身的音 詞例:he, she, be, these

重讀閉音節中多讀 [e]。詞例:pen, yes, well, desk, best

3) I i (y)

開音節中多讀 [ai] 字母本身的音 詞例:like, time, bike, why,

但give和 live中卻發 [i]

重讀閉音節中多讀 [i]。詞例:stick, ship, big, mill

詞尾是-nd和 -ld時,i 可讀作[ai] 詞例:kind, find, child

4) O o

開音節中多讀 [əʊ] 字母本身的音 詞例:no, home, joke, smoke, joke

但to, do, who, move, shoe中卻發 [u:]

重讀閉音節中多讀 [ɒ]。詞例:hot, fog, shop, long, drop

詞尾是-st和 -ld時,o 可讀作[əʊ] 詞例:most, post, bold, cold, 例外both, comb

o的後面是 m, n, v, th 時,可讀作[ʌ] 詞例:son, some, come, one, done, love, glove, mother, brother

5)U u

開音節中多讀 [əʊ] 字母本身的音 詞例:use, tune, cute, mule

u 在輔音字母l, r, j後面時讀作[u:] 詞例:blue, rule, true, June

重讀閉音節中多讀 [ʌ] 或[u]。詞例:sun, but, club, must, full, put

但truth, busy中卻發 [u:]

8. -r 音節-re音節的讀音規則

ar 常讀作[a:] 詞例:car, park, large, star; 但war, warm, ward卻讀[ɔ:]

er常讀作[з:] 詞例:verb, term, serve, stern;

ir常讀作[з:] 詞例:girl, first, shirt, bird

or常讀作[ɔ:] 詞例:horse, short, north, sport; 但word, work, world卻讀[з:]

ur常讀作[з:] 詞例:burn, nurse, hurt, fur

are常讀作[eə] 詞例:care, dare, stare, rare

ere常讀作[iə]或[eə] 詞例:mere, here, there, were; 但were 卻讀[з:]

ore常讀作[ɔ:] 詞例:more, wore, sore, store

ire常讀作[aiə] 詞例:fire, tire, hire, mire

ure常讀作[juə]或[uə] 詞例:pure, cure, manure, sure

9. 元音字母組合的讀音規則

1)a+其它字母

al 常讀作[ɔ:] 詞例:ball, walk, talk, walk, also,

其後有f 或m 時可讀[a:] 例:half, calm, palm

au 和augh 常讀作[ɔ:] 詞例:cause, fault, launch; taught, daughter

例外:laugh [a:]

aw常讀作[ɔ:] 詞例:law, saw, claw, awful

ai 和ay常讀作[ei] 詞例:wait, main; day, play

air 和are常讀作[eə] 詞例:hair, pair, chair; fare, care, dare, stare, share

2)e+其它字母

ea常讀作[i:] 或[e] 詞例:meat, please, peace, clean; head, dead, lead, bread

例外:great, break讀作 [ei]

ee常讀作[i:] 詞例:meet, three, steel, green, tree, street,need

ei和 ie常讀作[i:] 詞例:field, piece, ceiling, receive

有時ei 和ey一樣。讀作[ei] 詞例:eight, neighbor; prey, grey

例外:friend, 讀作[e] height讀作[ai], review讀作 [ju:]

ew常讀作[ju:] 詞例:new, few, dew.

ew在輔音字母l, r, j後面讀作[u:] 詞例:blew, crew, Jew

ear常讀作[iə] 詞例:hear, dear, tear;

有時讀[eə] 詞例:bear, wear, pear

後面有輔音字母時讀作[з:] 詞例:learn, pearl, early, earth

例外:heart, 讀作[a:] year讀作[jə]

eer常讀作[iə] 詞例:deer, cheer, beer, pioneer, engineer

3)o+其它字母

oa常讀作[əʊ] 詞例:coat, boat, soap, float

oi和oy常讀作[ɔi] 詞例:oil, voice, point; boy, joy

oul 常讀作[ʊ] 詞例:could, would, should

oo 常讀作[u:] 詞例:food, tooth, spoon, school, moon

例外:foot, good, stood, 讀作[ʊ] ; blood, flood讀作[ʌ]

oo 後面是k時讀作[ʊ] 詞例:book, look, cook, brook

oor和 oar 常讀作[ɔ:] 詞例:door, floor; board, coarse

例外:poor, 讀作[uə]

ou 常讀作[au]或 [ʌ] 詞例:loud, house, mouth; young, touch, country, trouble

例外:group, 讀作[u:], youth 讀作[ju:], soul, 讀作[əʊ]

ough 常讀作[ɔ:] 詞例:bouught, fought, thought

例外:though, 讀作[əʊ], through 讀作[u:]

our 常讀作[ɔ:] 或 [auə] 詞例:four, course, pour; our, hour, sour, flour

ow 常讀作[au] 或 [əʊ] 詞例:now, how, town, down; slow, show, grow, snow

owe 或ower 常讀作[auə] 詞例:towel, vowel; power, flower

4)i+其它字母

ig或igh常讀作[ai] 詞例:sign, design; sigh, light, night, bright, eight

ia, ie或io常讀作[aiə] 詞例:dialogue, reliable; quiet, science; violet, violence

5)u+其它字母

ui 常讀作[ju:] 詞例:suit, nuisance

ui的前面有輔音字母l, r, j 時,讀作[u:] 詞例:sluice, fruit, juice

例外:build讀作[i]

注:以上都是元音字母、-r音節和元音字母組合在重讀音節中的讀音規則。在非重讀音節中基本上所有都弱化成短元音[ə]。

10.輔音字母在單詞中的讀音規則

1)B e 常讀作[b] 或位於詞尾不發音。詞例:bed, book, bright; comb, lamb, tomb, climb

2)C c 常讀作[k], [s] 詞例:cold, clean cat; nice, city, decide

有時讀作[ʃ] 詞例:social, musician, precious

3)D d 常讀作[d] 詞例:day, desk, add,

動詞加-ed 時 -ed 的讀法

-ed前是清輔音時([t]除外),讀作 [t]

詞例:walked [-kt], jumped [-pt], missed [-st], washed [-ʃt]

-ed前是濁輔音時([d]除外),讀作 [d]

詞例:played [-eid], robbed [-bd], closed [-zd], begged [-ɡd]

-ed前是 [t] 和 [d] 時, 讀作 [id]

詞例:wanted [-tid], needed [-did]

4) F f常讀作 [f] 詞例:five, wife, four, leaf

有時讀作[ʃ] 詞例:social, musician, precious

個別情況讀作[v] 詞例:of [ɔv] 或 [əv]

5) G g常讀作[ɡ] 詞例:girl, game, give, big, ago

有時讀作[dӡ] 尤其是在元音字母 e前時此時詞尾的ge 讀作[dӡ],詞例:large, page, college, village

6) H h常讀作[h] 詞例:hot, house, head, hand

h 有時不發音。詞例:hour, honor, exhibit, rhyme

7) J j常讀作[dӡ] 詞例:jam, joke, June, judge

8) K k常讀作[k] 詞例:cake, week, kite, sky

9) L l常讀作[l] 詞例:land, milk, belt, school

l 有時不發音。詞例:walk [wɔk], calm [ka:m]

10) M m常讀作[m] 詞例:name, meet, mother, come

11) Nn常讀作[n] 詞例:line, nine, nice

n 在輔音音素[k] 和[ɡ] 之前讀作[ŋ]。詞例:bank, think, uncle, finger, language

12) P p常讀作[p] 詞例:pen, sleep, spring, picture

13)Q q該字母一般很少單獨出現,它常和元音字母 u組成qu字母組合。常讀作[kw] 詞例:question, quite, queen

14)Rr常讀作[r] 詞例:road, right, read 其次是構成r音節或re 音節。

15) Ss在詞首時常讀作[s] 詞例:sit, soap, sky

s 在兩個元音字母間常讀作[z] 詞例:music, season, prison

s 在兩個元音字母和不發音的e之間有兩種讀法

動詞常讀作[z] 詞例:close, lose, raise

名詞或形容詞詞常讀作[s] 詞例:base, case, close, coarse

s 前或後是清輔音時常讀作[s] 詞例:lamps, looks, waits; list, desk, husband

s 在輔音字母t之後常讀作[ts] 詞例:students, streets

s 在輔音字母d之後常讀作[ds] 詞例:beds, comrades, prides

注s 的讀音規則較複雜,還得在具體的學習中去把握。

16) T t常讀作[t] 詞例:tell, meet, ten, letter

17) V v常讀作[v] 詞例:voice, love, vote, leave

18) W w常讀作[w] 詞例:wait, sweet, wall, twin. 有時不發音。詞例:sword, answer

19) X x常讀作[ks] 詞例:box, exercise, text, excellent

x後面是元音,而且又是重讀音節時,常讀作[ɡz] 詞例:exam, exist, exact

20) Y y出現在單詞開頭時常讀作[j] 詞例:yes, year, yellow

但出現在詞尾時可能發[ai] 或[i]的音,詞例:satisfy, beautify, country。與元音字母構成組合時可能發元音 [ei] 詞例:day, play

21) Z z常讀作[z] 詞例:zoo, maze, doze, zone

11. 輔音字母組合的讀音

1)ch, tch 讀作[tʃ]詞例:child, chart, teach, match, catch, watch

ch 有時讀作 [k] 詞例:school, chemistry, character, stomach

2)ck 常讀作[k]詞例:neck, black, stick, pocket

3)cc 常讀作[k]詞例:accept, accident, success; according, accuse

4)ce 常讀作[s]詞例:nice, accept, rice, piece

5)dge 常讀作[dӡ]詞例:bridge, judge, lodge

6)gu, gue 常讀作[ɡ]詞例:guide, league, guess, dialogue

7)ng, 常讀作[ŋ]詞例:sing, strong, spring, long

8)gh, ph 常讀作[f]詞例:rough, phrase, cough, enough

但在igh, ough, augh 中gh 不發音,只發元音或元音組合的音。請參見前面 (9. 元音字母組合的讀音規則)

9)qu, ph 常讀作[kw]詞例:quick, quality, quite, question

10)sh 常讀作[ʃ]詞例:she, fish, shirt, wash

11)ss 常讀作[s]詞例:miss, lesson, class, assist

12)th 有兩種發音。

其一讀作[θ] 詞例:think, three, bath, method

其二讀作[ð] 詞例:this, with, weather , feather, mother

13)wh 常讀作[w]詞例:what, white, whip, where

14)kn 常讀作[n]詞例:knife, knee,

15)kn 常讀作[n]詞例:knife, knee,

16)tion, 有兩種發音。

其一讀作[ʃən] 詞例:mention, conversation, modernization

其二讀作[tʃən] 詞例:question, suggestion

17)sion, 有兩種發音。

其一讀作[ʃən] 詞例:mission, impression

其二讀作[ӡən] 詞例:decision, television

注:以上提供的僅僅是英語單詞讀音規則的一般規律,儘管英語單詞的讀音規則有規律可尋,但不是一勞永逸的事,同學們在掌握和熟悉一般規律的前提下還必須多讀單詞,並注意讀準確。特殊讀音得采取特殊記憶的方法。

單詞的發音規律(拼讀法記單詞用)

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