一. 形式：have + done (過去分詞)
肯定句 | ||
I You
We They | have ('ve) | decided |
She He It | has ('s) |
肯定句 | ||
I You We They | have not (haven 't/ 've not) | decided |
She He It | has not (hasn't / 's not) |
疑問句及回答 | |||
Have | I you we they | decided? | Yes, I / you / we / they have. No, I/ you / we / they haven't. |
Has | she he it | decided? | Yes, she / he / it has. No, she / he / it hasn't. |
注：規則動詞的過去分詞直接加ed；不規則動詞參見不規則動詞表！
二. 用法
• 形容過去某時完成的動作（對現在有影響；時間不確定）。
Someone has broken a window in our classroom.
• 形容迄今為止一段時間裡人所完成的事情/成就。
I've finished my homework, and I've c1eaned my room.
Scientists have found more than 30 unknown insects.
Man has walked on the moon.
• 形容迄今為止一段時間裡反覆發生的事。
We've won six matches this season.
I've seen the movie three times.
• 形容人生經歷。
I've travelled by plane, but I haven't flown in a helicopter.
I've never stayed overnight in a hospital.
Have you ever seen an eclipse?
• 表示與過去相比，現在的情況.
Our climate has become much warmer.
They have made the exam more difficult.
三. 常用在現在完成時的時間狀語
just 剛剛
Someone has just broken a window.
recently 最近
Scientists have recently found more than 30 unknown insects.
ever 曾經
Have you ever flown in a helicopter?
never 從未
I've never travelled by plane.
already (sooner than expected) 早已
I've already finished my homework. It was easy!
yet? (we expect something to happen soon) 還
Have you finished yet?
not ... yet (for things which have not happened so far) 還沒
Peter hasn't phoned yet. I'm still waiting.
for（到現在的一段時間）和since（過去開始的時間點）
We use for with a length of time.
She's worked here for ten years.
They've lived here since 2001.
四. have been（去過，已經回來） 和 have gone（去了，沒回來）
A number of astronauts have been to the Moon.
The space probe Voyager has gone past the planet Neptune.