'英語單詞｜學會這3種構詞法，詞彙量輕鬆上10000+'

英語單詞的積累是許多人在學習英語過程中最為苦惱的一項，隨著學習難度升高，需要積累掌握的單詞也會越來越多。那麼要想提高學習效率，那就要掌握方法。

下面，小編給大家介紹一下關於英語單詞中的三種構詞法，再複雜的詞也可以變得超簡單！大家可以作為學習的參考哦~

一、轉化法(conversion)

在英語中，一個單詞由一種詞性轉化為另一種或幾種詞性而詞形不變的方法叫做轉化法。

1. 動詞轉化為名詞

Let me have a try.

讓我試試。

They are only allowed to sell soft drinks at school.

在學校裡只准許他們出售不含酒精的飲料。

2. 名詞轉化為動詞

He shouldered his way through the crowd.

他用肩膀推開人群前進。

The smell from the kitchen made his mouth water.

從廚房傳來的氣味使他流口水。

3. 形容詞轉化為動詞

We will try our best to better our living conditions.

我們要盡力改善我們的生活狀況。

They tried to perfect the working conditions.

他們努力改善工作條件。

4. 形容詞轉化為名詞

He didn’t know the difference between right and wrong.

他不辨是非。

The old in our village are living a happy life.

我們村的老年人過著幸福的生活。

5. 形容詞轉化為副詞

How long have you lived there?

你在那兒住多久了?

6. 個別詞在一定場合中可轉化為名詞

Warm clothes are a must in the mountains.

穿暖和的衣服到山區去是必須的。

Life is full of ups and downs.

人生有得意時也有失意時。

His argument contains too many ifs and buts.

他的辯論中含有太多的“如果”和“但是”。

二、合成法(composition)

由兩個或兩個以上的單詞連在一起合成一個新詞，這種構詞法叫做合成法，合成的詞叫做合成詞(compounds)。合成詞的寫法由習慣決定，可以寫在一起，也可以用連詞符號連接。

1. 合成名詞

名詞/代詞+名詞

newspaper, blood-test, she-wolf

動詞+名詞

typewriter, pickpocket, daybreak

形容詞+名詞

greenhouse, highway

副詞+名詞

overcoat, outside

名詞+v.-ing/v.-ing +名詞

handwriting, reading-room, freezing-point

動詞+副詞/ 副詞+ 動詞

breakthrough, get-together, outbreak, outcome

名詞+介詞+名詞

sister-in-law, editor-in-chief

2. 合成形容詞

名詞+形容詞/形容詞+名詞

world-famous, duty-free, large-scale, long-term

副詞+形容詞

over-anxious, evergreen

名詞+過去分詞

man-made, sun-burnt

名詞+現在分詞

peace-loving, English-speaking

形容詞+現在分詞

good-looking, easy-going

副詞+過去分詞

well-informed, widespread

副詞+現在分詞

hardworking, far-reaching

形容詞+名詞+ed

warm-hearted, absent-minded

數詞+名詞+ed

three-legged, ten-storied

數詞+名詞

one-way, five–star

數詞+名詞+形容詞

ten-year-old, 800-meter-long

名詞+to+名詞

face–to-face, door-to-door

3. 合成動詞

名詞+動詞

baby-sit, sleepwalk

副詞+動詞

outnumber, underestimate, overwork

形容詞+動詞

whitewash

4. 合成副詞

形容詞+名詞

meanwhile, anyway

形容詞+副詞

everywhere, anyhow

副詞+副詞

however

介詞+名詞

beforehand, overhead

介詞+副詞

forever

5. 合成代詞

代詞賓格+self/selves

herself, themselves

物主代詞+self/selves

myself, yourselves

形容詞+名詞

anything, nothing

6. 合成介詞

副詞+名詞

inside, outside

介詞+副詞

without, within

副詞+介詞

into

三、派生法

由一個詞加上前綴或後綴構成一個與原單詞意義相近或截然相反的新詞叫做派生法。

1. 前綴

除少數前綴外，前綴一般改變單詞的意義，但不改變單詞的詞性。

(1)表示否定意義的前綴

un- unhappy, unfinished, undress, unfair

dis- disagree, disbelieve

in[il-(在字母l前)，im-(在字母m,b,p前)，ir(在字母r前)]- inaccurate, incorrect, illegal, impolite, imbalance, impossible, irregular

mis- misbehave, mislead, mistake, misunderstand

non- nonstop, nonsmoker, nonfiction

(2)表示其他意義的前綴

en-“使……” enrich, enlarge, encourage

inter-“相互” international, intercontinental

re-“再，又，重” rethink, retell, recycle

tele-“遠程的” telescope, telephone, telegraph

auto-“自動的” automatic, automobile

co-“共同” coworker, cooperate, coexist

anti-“反對，抵抗” antiwar, antifreeze, antinuclear

multi-“多” multistory, multicultural, multicolor

bi-“雙，二” bicycle, bilingual, bilateral

micro-“極小的，微小的” microwave, microcomputer

over-“太多，過分” overwork, overdo, overestimate

self-“自己，本身” self-centered, self-confident, self-control

under-“在……下面，……下的，不足的” underline, underground, underestimate, underrate

2. 後綴

(1)形容詞後綴

-able“可……的，具有……的” acceptable, drinkable, knowledgeable, reasonable

-al“與……有關的” physical, magical, political, musical, natural

-an“屬於某地方的人” American, African

-ern“方向” southern, northern, eastern

-ful/ less“(沒)有……的” helpful, useful, grateful , homeless, hopeless, priceless

-ish“如……的；有……特徵的” foolish, childish, selfish

-ive“有……傾向的” active, attractive, expensive

-en“由……製成的” golden, wooden, woolen

-ous“有(性質)的” famous, dangerous, poisonous

-ly “有……性質的” friendly, yearly, daily

-y“構成形容詞” noisy, dusty, cloudy

(2)名詞後綴

-er / or“表人或用具” farmer, baker, visitor, professor, cooker, container

-ese“某國(人)的” Chinese, Japanese

-ian“某國、某地人；精通……的人” musician, Asian, Russian, technician

-ist“某種主義或職業者” physicist, scientist, communist，socialist

-ess“表女性，雌性” hostess, actress, princess

-ment“行為或其狀態” government, movement, achievement

-ness“性質，狀態” illness, sadness, carelessness

-tion“動作，過程，結果” invention, organization, translation

-ance/ ence“抽象；行為、性質、狀態” importance, appearance, absence, existence

-th“性質、情況” depth, warmth, truth

-ful“(滿的)量” handful, spoonful, mouthful

-(a)bility“抽象、性質、狀態” possibility, disability, reliability

-al“過程、狀態” survival, arrival, approval

-y“性質、情況” modesty, delivery, honesty

-dom“處於……狀態；性質” freedom, boredom

-age“狀態，行為，身份及其結果” courage, storage, marriage

(3)動詞後綴

-fy / ify“使得；變得” simplify, beautify, purify

-en“使成為……；變得” shorten, deepen, sadden

-ize“使成為” apologize, realize, specialize

(4)副詞後綴

-ly“方式，程度” freely, truly, angrily

ward(s)“向……” towards, forward, upwards

(5)數詞後綴

-teen“十幾” fourteen, eighteen, thirteen

-ty“整十位數” forty, fifty, sixty

-th“序數詞” twelfth, twentieth

掌握了以上3種單詞構詞法，單詞就不再是一串毫無規律的字母啦，弄清單詞的構造，更加高效地背單詞吧！希望能給大家在學習過程中帶來幫助！

喜歡請多多關注學府翻譯哦~