四六級裸考不慌!120秒讓你理清狀語從句!

英語 CET I WiSH Another 廣州新東方學校 2017-06-16

四六級裸考不慌!120秒讓你理清狀語從句!

狀語從句(Adverbial Clause)指句子用作狀語時起副詞作用的句子,語法上相對比較簡單,可以用來表示時間、地點、原因、目的、結果、方式、讓步、條件等,今天我們從讓步狀語從句開始講解。

顧名思義,讓步狀語從句一般譯為“儘管……”或“即使……”,以表讓步的含義。

引導讓步狀語從句的連詞很多,常見的有though,although,while,as,even if,even though,whether... or...等等。

讓我們看一些讓步狀語從句的表達方式。

1. as/ though

由as,that,though引導的特殊的讓步從句結構,主要用於正式問題或文學問題中,為了強調讓步的意義。

e.g. Tired though/ as he was, the headmaster went out again to look for the lost child.

2. while

while引導讓步狀語從句,意義相當於although,但值得注意的是:while引導的讓步狀語從句只能前置,位於句首,while位於主句之後,其含義就會變成“(兩者相比較時)但是”。

e.g. While I understand what you say, I can't agree with you. [讓步]

雖然我能理解你所說的,但我不能表示贊同。

e.g. Most digital camera owners are male, while women prefer film. [但是]

大部分數碼相機的主人都是男性,而女性偏愛用膠捲。

3. if

if有時也帶讓步含義,這時要注意“條件if”和“讓步if”的區別。

e.g. If he is poor, he is at least honest.即使他窮,他至少還誠實。[讓步if]

e.g. If he is poor, how can he buy the big house?如果他很窮,怎麼能夠買大房子?[條件if]

4.表示讓步概念的無動詞從句

e.g. A timid young man, Tom nevertheless dived into the river and rescued the drowning child.

Tom雖然是個膽小的年輕人,但他跳入河中救起了溺水兒童。

再來重點分析三個詞組:“as soon as”“scarcely (hardly)... when... ”,以及“no sooner... than... ”,這三者含義相同,都表示“一/剛……就”,不過各自用法也有些許差異。

1. as soon as

最為常用,在句中的位置比較隨意,置於主句前後均可,不用倒裝,而且也可用於各種時態。

e.g. As soon as I went in, Katherine cried out with pleasure.

e.g. I'll return the book as soon as I have read it.

e.g. I'll tell him the news as soon as I see him.

2. scarcely (hardly)… when

hardly雖然含有很強烈的否定含義,但在這個詞組裡還是理解成“差點來不及(也還是來得及)”比較妥當。使用這個結構時,主句中的動詞一般用過去完成時;若把hardly放於句首,主句要倒裝。

e.g. He had hardly finished the article when the light went out.

他剛寫完文,燈就熄了。

e.g. Hardly had he entered the classroom when it began to rain.

他一進教室,天就開始下雨了。

3. no sooner… than

在網上找相關資料時看到一些地方說這個詞組表示“剛……就……”時主句須用倒裝形式,但在語法書上我也找到了沒有倒裝的例子,所以小編更傾向於認為它的用法同上述“scarcely (hardly)…when”相同。

e.g. No sooner had he arrived than he went away again.(倒裝)

他剛到就又走了。

e.g. He had no sooner arrived home than he was asked to start on another journey.(不倒裝)

他剛到家就又被叫出去出差了。

最後一期,我們來講一講條件狀語從句,它通常由在意義上與if相近的詞來引導。提起條件句,大家一般會想起由if或是unless引導的句子,但除了這些之外,還有別的表達。

我們通過例句瞭解一下

e.g. In case it rains, we won't be able to go fishing tomorrow.

如果下雨,我們明天就不能去釣魚了。

e.g. You can go out, as long as you promise to be back before eleven.

只要你保證11點之前回來,你就可以出去。

e.g. Given (that) the voters approve the funds, we'll have a new park.

如果大家投票通過了這項資金預案,我們就能建一個新的公園。

e.g. Provided/ Providing (that) circumstances permit, we will visit England.

如果情況允許,我們就去英格蘭訪問。

e.g. Supposing he does not come, what shall we do?

如果他不來,我們怎麼辦?

e.g. If only it clears up, we'll go for an outing.

如果天氣放晴,我們就出去遊玩。

上文的最後一個例句裡“if only”表示的其實就是“if”的意思,但除了引導條件句之外,它還可以引導感嘆句,表示說話人的願望或遺憾心情等。

大家看下面兩組例句瞭解一下,注意時態所表達的含義

e.g. If only she tells me about it! 她要是告訴我就好了!

= I do hope that she will tell me about it!

(含義:我很希望她能告訴我。)

e.g. If only I were an astronaut. 我要是一名宇航員就好了!

= I wish I were an astronaut.

(此處為虛擬式,含義:我希望我是個宇航員,但我不是。)

除此之外,將if only的兩個單詞調換順序,就有了“only... If”,大家別覺得疑惑,它的用法其實與if基本一致,這裡的only起的是強調的作用,如:

e.g. I'll only come if you promise me that you won't invite Tom.

除非你答應我不請湯姆,不然我是不會來的。

四六級加油

你比自己想象中更厲害!

四六級裸考不慌!120秒讓你理清狀語從句!

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