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DOFFICE於深圳設計了首個由城中村握手樓改造而成的人才保障房社區 - 深圳福田水圍檸盟人才公寓。在沒有任何先例和規範指引的情況下，經歷了3年的探索、反覆協調和修改，項目即將於近日落成。
▲ 福田水圍檸盟人擦公寓鳥瞰 ©王曉勇
城中村
80年代初的改革開放觸發了深圳經濟特區與本土村落的二元發展軌跡，村落很快被現代城市包圍，形成 “城中村”。城中村為低收入人群和創業者提供了較低的城市門檻，為深圳城市化發展發揮了至關重要的作用；但其中的安全衛生和社會問題，也成為難以根治的詬病。過去10年間，城中村改造意味著大規模的拆遷，徹底推倒重建，成為千城一面的高級商住綜合體。深圳城中村由80年代初的300多個，迅速消減到如今的200多個，正在逐步走向消失。
▲ 水圍村 ©DOFFICE
項目背景
攀升的房價和生活成本導致大量產業人才的流失，人才保障性住房計劃因應而生，但受土地資源以及舊區拆改難度的限制，城市中心區難以在短時間內為外來人口提供足夠的廉價保障性住房，因此本項目成為了深圳市首個利用城中村“握手樓”改造為人才保障房社區的試點。
改造片區位於深圳中心區的水圍村，規劃面積約8000平方米，共35棟統建農民樓，其中的29棟改造為504間人才公寓。改造設計保持了原有的城市肌理、建築結構及城中村特色的空間尺度；並通過提升消防、市政配套設施及電梯，成為符合現代標準的宜居空間。
我們關注的，不僅是將農民房進行內部升級裝修成為504間人才公寓，更在於如何將住在這504間公寓裡的900名青年聯繫在一起，創建一個社區，而這個社區，又將會對水圍村帶來怎樣的影響？
規劃策略
項目的35棟樓為村委股份公司統一規劃，宅基地基本一致，坐北朝南，南北巷道4米寬，東西巷道2.5米寬。樓宇的1至2層為商業、3層以上為住宅。如何組織這35棟長相一樣的握手樓，如何組織傳統商業街巷與公寓流線，如何避免迷宮般的佈局，成為接手該項目的第一個問題。我們通過等級劃分，將巷道分為商業街和小橫巷。並將所有住戶入口歸納為9個庭院，形成商業及住戶流線互不干擾的格局。
▲ 五層平面圖 - 電梯連廊串聯全部握手樓
▲ 剖面圖 - 立體的街區
▲ 西立面圖 - 展示社區生活的剖面
電梯院子
我們在握手樓之間局部的“一線天”巷道里，架設了7座電梯和鋼結構連廊，每座電梯首層均設有電梯院子，成為公寓入口，因此社區並沒有一個主入口，也不是封閉的社區，而是一個開放的社區，與村裡的商街、古井遺蹟、市集脈脈相連。
▲ 握手樓部分“一線天”里加入了電梯和連廊 ©IVY Photography
空中連廊
空中連廊和室內連廊相互串聯，這個三維的交通流線系統連結了所有樓棟、屋頂花園、電梯庭院和青年之家，形成四通八達的網絡，同時也成為居民休憩、交流的公共空間，並營造出立體的生活街區。
▲ 握手樓“一線天”裡新加的連廊 ©DOFFICE
▲ 可作為公共活動空間的連廊 ©IVY Photography
▲走廊內鄰里相互問候 ©DOFFICE
相對於常規新建的保障房，本項目是一個獨特的存在，社區裡35棟樓的業權是分散的，當中部分樓棟不參與改造，甚至還有零星的原居民家庭夾在人才公寓中。為避免流線系統變得盤根錯節般複雜，我們採用了7種色彩代表了7部電梯、電梯院子及關聯的樓棟和樓梯間，這些色彩也成為最簡單明瞭的視覺引導系統，方便住戶在迷宮般的街巷中認清方向。
屋頂花園
社區另一個標誌性的公共空間是項目的第五立面，即屋頂花園。29個屋頂根據各自所在的色系形成色彩繽紛的屋頂空間，這些屋頂包含了洗衣房、菜園和休憩花園。
▲ 開闊的屋頂公共空間 ©IVY Photography
▲城市屋頂農場 ©DOFFICE
青年之家
位於5層的青年之家是社區重要的公共空間之一。該空間通過鋼結構連接兩棟握手樓，以環狀串聯的形式佈置了7種不同的功能，包括閱讀室、茶室、多功能廳、社區廚房、社區餐廳、健身房及天井庭院。
▲ 青年之家平面圖
▲ 青年之家多功能活動廳 ©王曉勇
▲ 社區廚房 ©王曉勇
戶型改造
握手樓雖長相類同，但卻是由不同業主建設，因此每棟樓、甚至每層的戶型都不同，通過設計簡化及調整，竟可歸納出18種不同戶型，面積由15-55平米不等，分為多種風格和佈局，切合不同住戶需求。
▲ 18種戶型平面
▲ 公寓室內 ©DDOFFICE
結語
深圳的城中村，均有600年以上的歷史，所以深圳並不是一個沒有歷史的城市。深圳的根在城中村，並承載著時代的集體記憶。我們希望通過改造措施，保留城市的肌理、文脈和集體記憶，為老村注入新的生命力、新的價值；並探討通過舊建築和新文化的結合，創造一個平臺，引發新舊社區居民自身的參與與交融，活化老社區。
同時，我們也希望通過本項目，思考城中村下一個時代使命，希望能給城中村“握手樓”一次再生的機會，“不推倒重來”的改造也是一個值得考慮的、嚴肅而有趣的選擇。
項目簡介
項目名稱：深圳福田檸盟人才公寓
項目地址：中國-深圳市-福田區-水圍村
竣工時間：2017年12月
項目開發：深業置地投資發展（深圳）有限公司
項目營運：深圳深業酒店管理有限公司
設計機構：DOFFICE創始點諮詢（深圳）有限公司
合作機構：深圳市都市建築設計有限公司
設計團隊：Chris H.S.Lai, Jasmine M.Y.Tsoi, Kwan Yee Wong, Cindy Yan, David Wen, Demi Han, Zachary Bao, Jack Ou, Nita Lin, Red Liu, Ann Hu, Morning Dong, Ananda de Vos, Helene Pohl, Arnound Stavenuiter, Bert Oostdijk
攝影：IVY Photography & Production, Chris Lai, 王曉勇
主創設計簡介
Chris Lai
荷蘭註冊建築師
荷蘭代爾夫特理工大學建築碩士 (一級榮譽)
DOFFICE創辦人
《城市沉澱|水圍》2015深港雙城雙年展-外圍展策展人
Chris為早期荷蘭華裔移民之後裔，因而擁有中荷雙重文化背景。他以一級榮譽之成績獲得荷蘭代爾夫特理工大學建築碩士學位，隨後加盟以創新前衛見稱的荷蘭MVRDV建築設計事務所，擔任創作項目設計師。隨後於荷蘭創辦了DOFFICE。
Jasmine M.Y. Tsoi 蔡雯瑛
荷蘭鹿特丹貝拉格建築研究學院建築碩士
香港中文大學建築學士
DOFFICE合夥人
《城市沉澱|水圍》2015深港雙城雙年展-外圍展策展人
《2016前海公共藝術季》展覽總監
Jasmine畢業於荷蘭鹿特丹貝拉格建築研究學院，後加盟荷蘭大都會建築設計事務所鹿特丹總部(OMA Rotterdam)及北京分部 (OMA Beijing)，期間參與設計了中國中央電視臺新臺址項目等工程。隨後於荷蘭創辦了DOFFICE。
LM Youth Community
Urban Villages
It is the Open Door Policy in the early 80’s that kicked off the parallel evolution of the indigenous villages and the SEZ of Shenzhen. As Shenzhen is going through an urbanization process from the 80’s and evolved into a metropolis of 12 million inhabitants as it is today, the rural indigenous villages that operate as different administrative entities, transformed itself into urbanized mini cities within its host.
▲LM Youth Community ©Leo Xiao-Yong Wang
Project Background
Since the Open Door Policy in the early 80’s, Shenzhen became a magnet, attracting people from all over China to settle in this new city. But in the past decade, the cost of living has reached such a level, that many are leaving the city for their hometown or other cities where the living condition is more affordable.
In a bid to retain talents, Shenzhencreated an affordable housing program to ease the housing pressure. Compared to other affordable housingdevelopments, this project is a one-of-its-kind. It is the first time the government leased property from the villagers, in this case an ensemble of 35 "handshake tower blocks" to be converted into affordable housing. And in the past decade, urban renewal concerning urban villages means mass demolition, a total eradication from any trace from the past, replaced by brand new complexes with malls, offices and residential.
What makes this project so special is the opportunity to give the "handshake tower blocks" a second life and to create awareness that re-use of buildings is also a serious and interesting option to be considered.
Transformation Strategy
To provide 500 plus rental units, the existing residential layout has to be reconfigured and upgraded to meet the current living standards of the young urbanites.
▲ Reconfigure existing units of 35 "handshake tower blocks"to 504 apartments
▲ Insertion of a 3 dimensional infrastructure system connecting the individual towers with communal spaces. This 3D network in-between creates a community, rather than treating the project as 35individual towers.
Another challenge, which we think is more interesting and significant, is how to turn this group of 35 towers with 504 apartment units and a population of 900 young professionals into acommunity instead of a sum of individual living units.
▲Vertical Community
Sky Corridors
To create this community, our intervention is not so much happening inside the towers, but rather in-between. In these voids between the towers we created an infrastructural system with 7 elevators inter-connected by a lateral system of sky corridors on the 5th and the 7th floors.
▲ Interconnected sky corridors in-between building gaps ©IVY Photography
This 3 dimensional circulation system forms at the same time an important public space for the community, providing an extension of the limited living space to the individual units.
▲ A network of sky corridors as informal communal spaces ©DOFFICE
▲Visual connection & layerings of sky corridors ©DOFFICE
The color coding divides this 3 dimensional infrastructure into service clusters to enhance the way finding within thelabyrinth. During the design process the withdrawal from participation of a few landlords, owners of 6 towers and several units in several towers, gave a rhizomatic twist to this web of sky corridors.
Communal Spaces
Another important public space that supports this community is the communal space on the 5th floor. This is a 200m2 Communal Living Room for the 504 units, equipped with gym, reading lounge, tea lounge, multipurpose gathering space and a communal kitchen with dining room.
▲ Communal Dinning Room ©DOFFICE
Roofscape
The roofscapes, the 5th façade of thisproject with its ultimate openness, add another dimension to the collection of public spaces to the project. The roofscapes are designed with the purpose to accommodate programs such as laundry rooms, vegetable gardens and lounges.
▲Roof Laundry Garden ©DOFFICE
▲ Ultimate openness of the roofscape ©IVY Photography
Apartment Types
Based on the structural grid of the towers and the target of the client, there are 18 different unit typologies ranging from 15 to 55 m2.
Re-Use versus Tabula Rasa
Within the over-fanatic building market, urban villages are often seen as an eyesore within the generic glittering cityscape. Urban renewal plans with its strategy of creation by destruction have already swallowed up a great amount of villages. Urban villages are part of Shenzhen’s urbanization history and since late 80’s they evolved into an important ecosystem serving the migrant citizens of Shenzhen. It will be a win for the city to find an alternative strategy for the urban villages; a livable city is more than shopping malls, tech parks and gated communities.
PROJECT: Shenzhen Shuiwei LM Apartment
LOCATION: Shuiwei Village– Shenzhen – China
COMPLETION: 2017/12
CLIENT: Shum Yip Land Investment & Development Co., LTD
OPERATION: Shenzhen Shum Yip Hotels Management Co., LTD
ARCHITECT: DOFFICE Shenzhen Co., LTD
LDI: Shenzhen Urban Architectural Design Co., LTD
DESIGN TEAM: Chris Lai, Jasmine M.Y.Tsoi, Kwan Yee Wong, Cindy Yan, David Wen, Demi Han, Zachary Bao, Jack Ou, Nita Lin, Red Liu, Ann Hu, Morning Dong, Ananda de Vos, Helene Pohl, Arnound Stavenuiter, Bert Oostdijk
PHOTOGRAPHY: IVY Photography & Production, Chris Lai, Leo Xiao-yong Wang
PARTNER-IN-CHARGE
Chris Lai
Partner of DOFFICE
Dutch Registered Architect
M.Arch.(Dist.) Delft University of Technology – The Netherlands
Jasmine Tsoi
Partner of DOFFICE
M.Arch. Berlage Institute – Rotterdam The Netherlands
B.Arch. Chinese University of Hong Kong
DOFFICE由多位對建築創新充滿熱誠的設計師創立於荷蘭鹿特丹，主要從事城市和建築等方面的創作。批判的反思、好奇與執迷推動我們致力擺脫平庸和框條的約束，讓我們在每個項目中嘗試尋求另類的角度，並探索設計不同的可能性。
DOFFICE is founded by architects from the Netherlands and Hong Kong.We are engaged in the practices of architecture and urban planning in its broadest sense. Driven by criticality, suspicion, curiosity and fascination, we try to approach our work from alternative perspectives, to liberate ourselves from being trapped by clichés and dogmas.