英語中有很多詞根和詞綴，通過理解這些詞根和詞綴的意思，可以幫我們快速記憶單詞，也可以幫我們在閱讀時推測生詞的含義。例如：
In retrospect, I think I made a good decision to study engineering.
在這個例子中，"retro-"表示“back”, 意思是回來、回頭，”-spect-”是表示“看”的詞根。所以我們可以猜測，“retrospect”的意思是“回首、回顧”。
詞根
在英語語法中，詞根是一個單詞的主體部分，通常決定了單詞的意思。下面的表格展示並定義了英語中最常見的詞根。
WORD ROOTS IN ENGLISH
| ROOT | MEANING | EXAMPLES |
| -a(e)r- | air | aeroplane，aerial |
| -ag-，-act-，-ig- | action | active，agent，reaction |
| -alt- | high | altitude |
| -alter(n)-，-altr- | other，change | alternate |
| -ast(er)- | star | asteroid，astronomy，astronaut，asterisk |
| -audi- | hear | audible，audience，auditory，auditorium |
| -auto- | self | automatic，automate，autobiography，autograph |
| -bene- | good | benefit，benign，benefactor，benevolent |
| -bio- | life | biography，biology，biodegradable，symbiotic |
| -brev-，-bri(ef)- | short | brief，abbreviation，abridge |
| -cap(t)-，-cept-，-cip- | get | capture，except，concept，capacity |
| -centr- | center | concentrate，eccentric |
| -c(o)ur-，-curr- | run | current，occur，concurrence |
| -chrono- | time | chronic，synchronize，chronicle，chronology |
| -dic(t)- | say | dictate，diction，edict，dictionary，addict |
| -doc(t)- | teach | doctor，document |
| -duc- | lead，make | deduce，produce，educator，conducive |
| -fac(t)-，-fect- | create | factory，effect，profit，faculty，perfect |
| -fer- | move | ferry，transfer，defer |
| -fin(it)- | final | final，finish，confine |
| -firm- | firm | firm，confirm，affirm |
| -fix- | fix | prefix，affix |
| -flo(u)r- | flower | flower，flourish |
| -form- | form | uniform，formula，transform，reform，deform |
| -forc-，-fort- | strength | force，enforce，effort |
| -flect-，-flex- | bend | flexible，reflex |
| -gen- | give birth | gene，generate，generous，generation |
| -geo- | earth | geography，geology，geometry，geopolitics |
| -graph- | write | autograph，graphic，epigraph，demographic |
| -jour- | day | journal，journey，adjourn |
| -jur-，-jus- | law | jury，justice，adjure，conjurer，justification |
| -labo(u)r- | work | labourer，elaborate，collaborate |
| -loc- | place | location, dislocate |
| -log-，-logue- | thought | logic，obloquy，apology，dialogue，analogy |
| -loqu- | speak | colloquial，eloquent |
| -luc-，-lum- | light | lucid，translucent，illuminate，elucidate |
| -man(u)- | hand | manual，manure，manicure，manipulate |
| -mand-，-mend- | order | demand，recommend，remand，mandatory |
| -min- | small | diminish，minority |
| -mis-，-mit- | send | missile，transmission，emit，submit，permit |
| -nect-，-nex- | tie up | connect，disconnect，annex |
| -not- | mark | note，denote，annotation |
| -omni- | all | omnivorous，omnipotence，omniscient |
| -onym- | name | synonym，antonym，anonymous |
| -path- | feel | empathy，pathetic，apathy，pathos，antipathy |
| -pel- | go after | expel，impel |
| -pend- | hang | depend，independent |
| -phil- | love | philosophy，bibliophile，philanthropy |
| -phon- | sound | phonics，telephone，euphony，microphone |
| -photo- | light | photograph，photon，photocopy，photogenic |
| -port- | carry | export，portable，rapport，deport，important |
| -press- | press | pressure，express，oppress，impression |
| -qui(t)- | quiet，rest | acquit，tranquil，requiem，quiescent |
| -quir- | ask | inquiry，question，inquisition |
| -rect- | straight | correct，direct，erect |
| -rupt- | destroy | eruption，bankrupt，corruption |
| -scrib-，-script- | write | ascribe，script，describe，transcribe，proscribe |
| -sens-，-sent- | feel | resent，sensitive，sentence，sentient |
| -sembl-，-simil- | similar | similar，resemble，assimilate |
| -spect- | look | inspect，spectator，conspicuous，respect |
| -struct- | structure | structure，construct，instruct，destruction |
| -temp-，-tens- | time | tense，contemporary，temporal |
| -tele- | far off | telecast, telephone, telekinesis, telepathy |
| -terr- | earth | terrain，territory，extraterrestrial，terrace |
| -test- | prove | testify，protest，contest |
| -tract- | draw | attract，tractor，abstract，contract |
| -tribut- | give | contribution，distribute |
| -vac- | empty | evacuate，vacate，vacancy，vacuous |
| -vad- | go | invade，evade |
| -vers-，-vert- | rotate | convert，inversion，reverse，divert |
| -vid-，-vis- | see | visible，video，envisage，invisible，revision |
| -viv-，-vit- | live | vivid，vital，survival |
| -war(d)- | protect | aware，wary，ward |
| -way- | way | way，away，subway，always |
前綴
前綴常用來改變單詞的詞義，由單個字母或字母組合構成，放在一個單詞的開頭。例如，prefix這個單詞以前綴pre-開頭，這通常表示“以前”或“前面”。
COMMON PREFIXES
| Prefix | Meaning | Examples |
| a-，an- | without，lack of，not | amoral，acellular，abyss，achromatic，anhydrous |
| ante- | before，earlier，in front of | antecedent，antedate，antemeridian，anterior |
| anti- | against，opposite of | anticlimax，antiaircraft，antiseptic，antibody |
| auto- | self，same | autopilot，autobiography，automobile，autofocus |
| circum- | around，about | circumvent，circumnavigate，circumscribe |
| co- | with，together | copilot，coworker，coexist，coauthor |
| com-，con- | together，with | companion，commingle，contact，concentrate |
| contra-，contro- | against，opposite | contradict，contrast，contrary，controversy |
| de- | down，off，away from | devalue，deactivate，debug，degrade，deduce |
| dis- | not，apart，away | disappear，disagreeable，disbar，dissect |
| en- | put into，cover with | enclose，entangle，enslave，encase |
| ex- | out of，from，former | extract，exhale，excavate，ex-president |
| extra- | beyond，outside，more than | extracurricular，extramarital，extravagant |
| hetero- | different，other | heterosexual，heterodox，heterogeneous |
| homo-，homeo- | same，alike | homonym，homophone，homeostasis，homosexual |
| hyper- | over，more，beyond | hyperactive，hypersensitive，hypercritical |
| il-，im-，in-，ir- | not，without | illegal，immoral，inconsiderate，irresponsible |
| in- | in，into | insert，inspection，infiltrate |
| inter- | between，among | intersect，interstellar，intervene，interpenetrate |
| intra-，intro- | within，inside | intravenous，intragalactic，introvert |
| macro- | large，prominent | macroeconomics，macrostructure，macrocosm |
| micro- | very small | microscope，microcosm，microbe |
| mono- | one，single，alone | monocle，monologue，monogamy，monotony |
| non- | not，without | nonentity，nonaggressive，nonessential，nonfiction |
| omni- | all，every | omniscient，omnivorous，omniscient，omnidirectional |
| post- | after，behind | postmortem，posterior，postscript，postoperative |
| pre-，pro- | before，forward | precede，predict，project，prologue |
| sub- | under，lower | submarine，subsidiary，substandard |
| sym-，syn- | same time，together | symmetry，symposium，synchronize，synapse |
| trans- | across，beyond，through | transmit，transaction，translation，transfer |
| tri- | three，every third | tricycle，trimester，triangle，triathlon |
| un- | not，lacking，opposite of | unfinished，unskilled，ungraceful，unfriendly |
| uni- | one，single | unicorn，unicellular，unicycle，unilateral |
後綴
後綴常常決定了單詞的詞性，由單個字母或字母組合構成。
COMMON SUFFIXES IN ENGLISH
| Noun Suffixes | ||
| Suffix | Meaning | Example |
| -acy | state or quality | privacy，fallacy，delicacy |
| -al | act or process of | refusal，recital，rebuttal |
| -ance，-ence | state or quality of | maintenance，eminence，assurance |
| -dom | place or state of being | freedom，kingdom，boredom |
| -er，-or | one who | trainer，protector，narrator |
| -ism | doctrine，belief | communism，narcissism，scepticism |
| -ist | one who | chemist，narcissist，plagiarist |
| -ity，-ty | quality of | inactivity，veracity，parity，serenity |
| -ment | condition of | argument，endorsement，punishment |
| -ness | state of being | heaviness，sadness，rudeness，testiness |
| -ship | position held | fellowship，ownership，kinship，internship |
| -sion，-tion | state of being | concession，transition，abbreviation |
| Verb Suffixes | ||
| -ate | become | regulate，eradicate，enunciate，repudiate |
| -en | become | enlighten，awaken，strengthen |
| -ify，-fy | make or become | terrify，satisfy，rectify，exemplify |
| -ize，-ise | become | civilize，humanize，socialize，valorize |
| Adjective Suffixes | ||
| -able，-ible | capable of being | edible，presentable，abominable，credible |
| -al | pertaining to | regional，grammatical，emotional，coastal |
| -esque | reminiscent of | picturesque，statuesque，burlesque |
| -ful | notable for | fanciful，resentful，woeful，doubtful |
| -ic，-ical | pertaining to | musical，mythic，domestic，chiastic |
| -ious，-ous | characterized by | nutritious，portentous，studious |
| -ish | having the quality of | fiendish，childish，snobbish |
| -ive | having the nature of | creative，punitive，divisive，decisive |
| -less | without | endless，ageless，lawless，effortless |
| -y | characterized by | sleazy，hasty，greasy，nerdy，smelly |
詞根和詞綴是非常好的學習詞彙的工具，但是對於大多數學生來說，想要把詞根和詞綴全部背下來，是一項非常艱難的任務。所以我們可以從瞭解常見的詞根和詞綴開始，把這些詞根和詞綴整理成表格，放在隨手可及的地方，在日常學習和閱讀中遇到新詞和生詞的時候，嘗試對照詞根詞綴表進行拆解和記憶，在習得新詞的過程中循序漸進地把整個詞根詞綴表諳熟於心，詞彙量和閱讀能力也會有大幅提升。
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