英語語法反義疑問句的1條基本規則和20種特例(21=1+2+3+4+5+6)

英語 桃絲熊 I WiSH 教育 老劉分享知識 2018-12-17

先陳述一件事,然後附加一個簡化的一般疑問句對這件事進行反問,這就是反義疑問句,又叫附加疑問句。所以反義疑問句=陳述句+由陳述句而來並簡化的一般疑問句


英語語法反義疑問句的1條基本規則和20種特例(21=1+2+3+4+5+6)


1基本原則

前肯後否,前否後肯。回答同一般疑問句的回答。

1) Tom is very clever, isn’t he (clever)? 湯姆很聰明,不是嗎?

Yes, he is. 不,他很聰明。 No, he isn't. 是的,他不聰明。

2) It is not true, is it? 這不是真的,是嗎?

Yes, it is.是的,是真的。 No, it isn't. 不,不是。

2種否定

前面的陳述句,除了最常見的not表否定外,還可以用其他表否定意義的詞。

1)用表否定的其他副詞:hardly,scarcely,rarely,seldom,few,little,no,never

She seldom goes to the cinema, does she? 她幾乎不去看電影,是吧?

2)用表否定的不定代詞:nothing,nobody,none,no one

Nothing has happened, has it? 沒發生什麼事,是嗎?

注意:如果陳述句中的否定詞僅靠否定前綴或後綴來表否定,該陳述句仍看做肯定句,反義疑問句遵循前肯後否。 It's impossible, isn't it?

3種I

1)主語為I的主系表句式。I'm a good teacher, aren't I?

為什麼把陳述句中的am換為I? 因為am not沒有縮寫的形式。

參照前文:英語4大功能句之陳述句:陳說敘述萬事萬物


英語語法反義疑問句的1條基本規則和20種特例(21=1+2+3+4+5+6)


2)主語為I表請求的句式。I wish to go, may I? 我想走,可以嗎?

為什麼用情態助動詞may並且不遵循前肯後否? 如果跟wish保持一致而添加助動詞do的話,就成了don't I?(我不是這麼想的嗎?)別人會說,你神經病啊,我怎麼知道你怎麼想的。而且may not跟am not一樣,也沒有縮寫的形式。

3)主語為I表觀點的句式。I think he is clever, isn't he?

為什麼對從句(he is clever)而不是主句(I think…)進行一般疑問?如果對主語進行疑問的話,就成了don't I?(我不是這麼認為的嗎?)別人又會說,你神經病啊,我怎麼知道你怎麼認為的。

與I think用法相同的詞還有:I believe/suppose/imagine/expect/suspect/guess或I'm sure/afraid等。


英語語法反義疑問句的1條基本規則和20種特例(21=1+2+3+4+5+6)


反義疑問句=陳述句+由陳述句而來並簡化的一般疑問句。附加問句由前面陳述句而來,所以其主語、時態、動詞要與陳述部分保持一致,但為避免用詞重複,主語必須用相應人稱代詞。

4種主語

1.陳述句主語是表人的不定代詞everyone/everybody, someone/somebody, no one/nobody, none。問句主語通常用they,也可用he。

Nobody was there, was he/were they?

注意:one作主語,後句用one或you。

One can't be too careful, can one/you?

2.陳述句主語是表物的不定代詞everything, anything, something, nothing。問句主語用it。

Nothing has been taken away, has it?

3.陳述句主語是指示代詞this/that, 問句主語用it。(these/those→they)

This is a desk, isn't it?

4.陳述句主語是不定式,動名詞,或名詞性從句時,問句主語用it。

To learn/Learning English well is important, isn't it?

What he said is true, isn't it?

5種句式

1.倒裝句。

There are many books to read, aren't there?

2.祈使句。

1) 肯定祈使句。

Be sure to write to us, will/won't/would/can/could you?

2) 否定祈使句。

Don’t move the chair, will you?

3) Let祈使句。

Let’s take a walk after supper, shall we?(晚飯後散個步,我們一起去好嗎?表建議)

Let us have a look at your book, will you? (讓我們看一下你的書,你願意嗎?表請求)

3.感嘆句。 問句用否定和一般現在時,主語取決於感嘆的對象並用相應代詞。

What a sunny day (it is), isn't it?

How quickly the boy runs, doesn't he?

4.並列複合句=簡單句1+並列連詞+簡單句2。對並列連詞(如and,but, or, for, so)後的句子進行反問。

We must learn English well or we can't adjust to the new era, can we?

5.主從複合句=主句+從屬連詞+從句。通常對主句反問(主句是I think…對從句反問)

I told him it was not that easy, didn't I? 我告訴過他沒那麼簡單,我沒說過嗎?

6種情態助動詞

1個當做實義動詞:陳述句中有have to,問句用do(does/did)代替have。

She had to give up the plan, didn't she?

2個實義&情助:need和dare作實義動詞時,問句用do相應形式。作情態助動詞時,問句中把need/dare提前。

He needn't say sorry to me, need he?

=He doesn't need to say sorry to me, doesn't he?

3個當做情態助動詞:即問句中直接把助動詞提前。

We'd better not tell him, had/should we?

Such things ought not to be allowed, ought/should they?

He used to drink a lot every day, didn't/usedn't he?

must的4種用法:

1)must有“肯定”的意思,表把握比較大的推測。既可表對現在情況推測(+do):

He must work harder than before, doesn't he?

注意:must+be(be是系動詞)和have(have是實義動詞)時的用法。

He must be good at math, isn't he?

He must have another account, doesn't/hasn't he?

2)must表肯定也可用於對過去情況的推測(+have done):

They must have all gone home, haven't they? (無表過去的時間狀語,強調動作的完成)

You must have met him last week, didn't? (有表過去的時間狀語,強調對過去的推測)

3)must還有“必須”的意思。反義疑問句用mustn't.

You must work hard next term, mustn't you?

must表必須時的否定形式mustn't 意為“禁止” ,反義疑問句用must或may。

You mustn't stop your car here, must/may you?

4)must還有“有必要”的意思,問句用needn't.

They must finish the work today, needn't they?

注意:以上共出現了7個情態助動詞,但是have to是當做實義動詞來用,所以在體系中歸結為6個。

反義疑問句的這21種用法,我是按照難度由低到高同時重要性由高到低的順序排列的,對於絕大多數英語學習者來說,記住1條基本規則足矣。


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