來源微信公眾號：英語學習
英語最基本的詞序是主語在謂語動詞的前面。如果將句子的主語和謂語完全顛倒過來，這稱之為完全倒裝。如果只將助動詞或情態動詞移至主語之前，謂語的其他部分仍保留在主語的後面，這稱之為部分倒裝。
本文為大家分享倒裝的幾種常見的類型：
疑問句和特殊疑問句要倒裝
Are you cold?
Does he go to school by bike?
注意：若疑問詞在句中作主語或主語的定語時，不倒裝。
Who is your English teacher?
Whose father is a worker?
There be 句型
在There+助動詞/情態動詞+be+主語+地點/時間的句型中，主語在謂語be動詞後面，因此這是倒裝。
There is a mobile phone and some books on the desk.
桌上有一個手機和一些書。
There are thousands of people gathering on the square.
廣場上聚集著成千上萬的人
注意 ：引導詞there 還可以接appear,exist, lie, remain, seem, stand, live 等詞。
There lived an old fisherman in the village.
村裡住著一位老漁夫。
There stand two white houses by the river.
河濱矗立著兩座白房子。
There existed some doubt among the students.
學生中有些懷疑。
直接引語在句首
“May I come in and take a rest?” asked the poor girl.
“Get out of the room!” shouted the angry woman.
虛擬條件句的倒裝
當if引導的虛擬條件從句中含有had, were, should等時，如將if省略，則要將had, were, should等移到主語前，構成倒裝句：
Had you come yesterday, you would have seen him.
若你昨天來，你就會見到他了。
Should you require anything give me a ring.
如果需要什麼，可以給我打電話。
Were it not for your help, I would still be homeless.
要不是你幫助，我會仍然無家可歸。
注意：省略if後提前的had不一定是助動詞
Had I money, I would buy it. 假若我有錢，我就會買它。
全部倒裝
全部倒裝是隻將句子中的謂語動詞全部置於主語之前。
1） here, there, now,then, thus等副詞置於句首, 謂語動詞常用be,come, go, lie, run等表示來去或狀態的動詞。
例如：
Then came the chairman. 那時總裁來了。
Here is your letter. 你的信。
2）表示運動方向的副詞或地點狀語置於句首，以out, in, up, down, off, away等副詞開頭，謂語動詞是表示“移動”的go, come, leave等句子裡。
例如：
Ahead sat an old woman. 前面坐著一個老嫗。
Down went the small boat. 小船沉下去了。
注意:在完全倒裝的結構裡,如果主語是人稱代詞,則用正常語序。
3）表示地點的介詞詞組位於句首，謂語動詞是表示“存在”之意的be, lie, stand, exist等句子中。
South of the lake lies a big supermarket.
湖泊的南邊是一個大超市。
20 miles east of our school lies a modern swimming pool.
我們學校向東20英里有一個現代化的游泳池。
4) 在there be或者there live(stand, appear, seem, remain, exist….) 句型中。
部分倒裝
1.句首為否定或半否定的副詞或連詞。
如no, not,never, seldom, little, hardly, scarcely, rarely, at no time決不, by no means, on no account, inno case, many a time, under no circumstances, in no way, many a time, not until… 等。
例如：
He cares little about his clothes.
= Little does he care about his clothes.
他不在乎穿著。
I have never seen him before.
= Never have I seen him before.
= Never before have I seen him.
我以前沒見過他。
The mother didn't leave the room until the child fell asleep.
= Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.
孩子睡著了，媽媽才離開房間。
(Not until引出的主從複合句中，主句倒裝，從句不倒裝。即：後倒前不倒。注意：如否定詞不在句首不倒裝。)
例如：
Churchill was not only a statesman, but a poet.
= Not only was Churchill a statesman, but a poet.
丘吉爾不僅是個政治家，而且還是個詩人。
I shall by no means give up.
= By no means shall I give up. 我決不放棄。
必背：表示“剛……就……的倒裝結構
Hardly had he started to leave when it began to rain.
他剛要離開，天就下起了雨。
Scarcely had he sat down when his mobilephone rang.
他剛坐下，手機就響了。
No sooner had he handed in his paper than he realized his mistakes.
他剛交卷就意識到出錯了。
Seldom is my son late for school.我兒子上學幾乎不遲到。
In no case should you touch it.無論如何你都不能碰它。
2．以否定連詞開頭作部分倒裝
如 Not only…but also, Hardly/Scarcely…when, No sooner… than等，前倒後不倒。例如：
Not only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender. 他沒有收下禮物，還狠狠批評了送禮的人。
Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her. 她剛出門，就有個學生來訪。
No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her. 她剛出門，就有個學生來訪。
3． so, neither, nor作部分倒裝
表示另一主語“也…樣”時，用“So +be(have,助動詞或情態動詞)+主語”結構；而表示另一主語“也不…樣”時，用“Nor Neither + be(have,助動詞或情態動詞)+主語”結構。
例如：
Tom can speak French. So can Jack. 湯姆會講法語，傑克也會。
If you won't go, neither will I. 你不去，我也不去。
She won’t go. Neither/Nor will I.
她不走，我也不。
注意：如果前面所說的內容既有肯定又有否定，或前後的謂語動詞形式不一致時，用“It is the same with +主語”結構或用“So it is with +主語”結構。
4．only+狀語在句首倒裝的情況。
only+副詞；或介詞短語；或狀語從句時，主句倒裝。
例如：
Only then did I see life was not easy.只有那時我才知道生活是不易的。
Only in this way, can you learn English well. 只有這樣，你才能學好英語。（only+介詞短語）
Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting. 叫了三次，他才來參加會議。
Only yesterday did he find out that his watch was missing.（only+副詞）
Only when it began to rain did he finish his job.（only+狀語從句）
注：如果句子為主從複合句，則主句倒裝，從句不倒裝。
例如：
Only when he is seriously ill does he ever stay in bed. 病得狠重時，他才臥床休息。
5. so… that，such…that引導的結果狀語從句中，部分倒裝。當so位於句首時，用”so +adj. + 主語+謂語”。
例如：
So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch. 他害怕得很，動也不敢動。
So difficult was the exam that most of the students failed to pass it. 考試如此難，以至於大多數同學沒能考過。
So stingy is she that none of us likes her.她太小氣，沒人喜歡她。
6. so作“也”講時，引導的句子用倒裝語序，表示前面所說的肯定情況也適用於另一人(或物)。其句型是：So + be（have，助動詞或情態動詞）+主語
She has been to Tokyo. So have I.
她去過東京，我也去過。
He can send emails to his former classmates. So can she.
他能電子郵件給以前的同學，她也能。
7. as, though引導的部分倒裝
as / though引導的讓步從句由於語法需要，可將表語或狀語提前（形容詞, 副詞, 分詞, 實義動詞提前）。
但需注意：
1）句首名詞不能帶任何冠詞。
2）句首是實義動詞, 其他助動詞放在主語後。如果實義動詞有賓語和狀語，隨實義動詞一起放在主語之前。
例如：
Shortest as/though she is, she is not the richest.(倒裝後，最高級前不用冠詞)
Child as he is, he knows a lot.(倒裝後，單數名詞前不用a)
Fail as I did, I would try again.(倒裝後，實義動詞提前，在主語後添加助動詞。)
注意：讓步狀語從句中，有though，although時，後面的主句不能有but，但是 though 和yet可連用。
當as作“雖然”解，引導讓步狀語從句時，必須將表語、狀語或動詞原形提到as前面。
句子的倒裝語序有以下三種形式：
(1). 形容詞或副詞+as+主語+連繫動詞be或實義動詞。
例如：
Rich as he is, he never spends a cent on clothes.
雖然他很富有，但他從不花一分錢在衣服上。
Much as I admire his courage, I don’t think he acted wisely.
我雖然佩服他的勇氣，但我認為他這樣做是不聰明的。
(2). 名詞+as+主語+連繫動詞be (注意句首的名詞不帶冠詞)。
例如：
Child as he is, he knows a lot.
儘管他是個孩子，但懂很多事情。
Boy as he was, he was chosen king.
儘管他還是個孩子，但卻被立為國王。
(3). 實義動詞+as+主語+助動詞[如果沒有助動詞，則要加上一個do(does或did)]。
例如：
Try as he may, he never succeeds.
儘管他很努力，但總是不成功。
Change your mind as you will, you will gain no additional support.
即使你改變主意，你也不會得到另外的支持。
8．一些表示頻率的副詞（如many a time, often等）位於句首時。
I have seen her taking a walk alone many a time.
Many a time have I seen her taking a walk alone.
我多次看到她獨自一人在散步。
She often came to my house in the past.
Often did she come to my house in the past.
過去她常到我家來。