定語從句(安徽中考不考,但平時月考會考到 )
(一)
1.定語從句的概念:
在複合句中,修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。
2.先行詞:
被定語從句修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞。
3.關係詞:
引導定語從句的連詞叫關係詞。如that、which、who、whom、whose、where、when等。
4.由that、which、who、whom、whose引導的定語從句。
that指人也指物
which指物
who指人
whom指人,做賓語
whose指人或物,做定語
二、定語從句(二)
1.先行詞是物時,一般情況既可用that也可用which.但下列情況下,只能用that不用which。
1).當先行詞為指物的不定代詞,如all、everything、something、anything、nothing、none、the one等時,只能用that。
There is nothing ______ I can do for you .
2).當先行詞被the only、the very 、the last、all、no、little等詞修飾時,只能用that。
This is the very book ______ I’m looking for .
3).先行詞被序數詞修飾時,只能用that 。
This is the first nextbook ______ I studied in the middle school .
4).先行詞為最高級或被最高級修飾時,只能用that。
This is the most beautiful mountain ______ I have ever seen .=
I have _____ seen _____ a beautiful mountian .
5).先行詞既有人也有物時,只能that 。
He told us many interesting things and persons _______ we had .
2.先行詞是物時,一般情況既可用that也可用which.但下列情況下,只能用which不用that。
1).關係代詞前有介詞時,關係詞只能用which 。
This is the building in ______ he lives .
2).先行詞本身是that時,關係詞只能用which 。
The clock is that _____ tells the time .
3).引導非限定性的定語從句(先行詞是物且先行詞與關係詞用逗號隔開),關係詞用which。
His book , ______ was lost last week , has been found now.
3.先行詞是人時,一般情況下既可用who 也可用that 。但以下情況下,只能用who。
1).當先行詞為those、one、ones、anyone且作主語時,一般用who 。
Those ______ are singing are all my classmates .
2).在there be 句型中,先行詞指人時,只能用who。指物時用that。
There is a girl ______ expects to see you .
3).當先行詞是I、you、he、they等時,只能用who 。
He ______ plays with fire gets burned .
三、定語從句(三)。
由關係副詞when、where、why引導的定語從句。
where = in / at +which when = in / on / at +which why = for + which
1.由where引導的定語從句。
1).先行詞是表示地點的名詞 2).在定語從句中作地點狀語
Is this the house ______ you lived ?= Is this the house _____ _____ you lived ?
= Is this the house _____ you lived in ?
2.由when引導的定語從句。
1).先行詞是表示時間的名詞 2).在定語從句中作時間狀語
I will never forget the days ______ I met him .= I will never forget the days ____ ____ I met him.
注:先行詞是the last time 時,when 可省略。
When was the last time you saw the parrot ?
3.由why引導的定語從句。
先行詞為reason 時,一般用why 。 why在句中作原因狀語。
We don’t know the reason ______ they didn’t come .
四、注意事項:
1.關係詞在定語從句中作賓語時,常可省略。
The story _____ he told was very popular .
A.who B.whom C.whose D. /
2.that、who、which在定語從句中作主語時,定語從句的謂語動詞應與先行詞保持一致。
I loves singers who _______(write) their own songs .
She is one of the girls who ______(study) hard .
3.在定語從句中不能出現代替先行詞的人稱代詞。
Will you please show me the book ______ yesterday?
A. which you bought B. that you bought it C. you bought D. you bought it
4.定語從句中whose 的確定:
無論先行詞是人或物,在定語從句中做定語用whose。
判斷:看定語從句的主語前有無限定詞(my、your、Jim’s等),若沒有,則用whose 。
The girl _____ parents work in Beijing is Kate .
A. who B. whose C. which D. that
I know the boy . His handwriting is very good .= I know the boy ____ handwriting is very good.
中考真題:
1. Do you know the scientist _______ gave us a talk just now? (天津市)
A. who B. whom C. which D. whose
2. This is the dictionary _______ Mum gave me for my birthday. (河北省)
A. which B. what C. whose D. whom
4. —Do you know the girl _______ is standing under the tree?
—She is my little sister. (福州市)
A. who B. whom C. whose D. which
5. This is the question _______ we are talking about now. (吉林省)
A. that B. who C. where D. when
6. —What are you looking for?
—I am looking for the book _______ I bought yesterday. (長沙市)
A. who B. which C. whose
7. Jack, there is someone in the office _______ would like to speak with you. (廈門市)
A. Who B. which C. whom
8. If a bag is filled with books and pens, it must belong to someone _______ works hard.
A. which B. / C. whom D. who
9. Many young people prefer the songs _______ have great lyrics. (泰安市)
A. which B. who C. where D. whom
10. The boy _______ I talked with just now is my best friend. (南充市)
A. who B. which C. where
11. —What kind of music do you like?
—I like music _______ I can sing along with. (自貢市)
A. who B. that C. what
12. Have you read the book _______ I gave you yesterday? (茂名市)
A. That B. when C. where
13. The man _______ came to our party with a present is my old friend. (茂名市)
A. when B. which C. who
14. I like writers _______ write short stories. (襄樊市)
A. which B. what C. whom D. who
15. —There are many volunteers _______ are helping the children in Sichuan.
—And most of them are college students. (咸寧市)
A. which B. when C. whose D. who
16. We know Jackie Chan _____ movies are very popular with the young. (恩施自治州)
A. whose B. that C. who D. which
17.I like the teacher_____ classes are very interesting and creative.(2009·甘肅蘭州)
A. which B. who C. what D. whose
18..I don’t know the teacher________is talking with Miss Wang. (2009·山東淄博)
A. what B. whom C, which D. who
19..Sorry, we don’t have the coat ______ you need. (2009·河北)
A. what B. who C. whom D. which
20..It’s time to say goodbye to my school. I’ll always remember the people _____ have helped me. (2009·河南)
A. who B. what C. which D. where
21..The skirt ___ is made of silk is very expensive. I can’t afford it.(2009·湖北孝感)
A. what B. / C. that D. it
22..Jim dislikes people ______ talk much but never do anything. (2009·吉林通化)
A. whom B. when C. whose D. who
23..This is the novel________ is written by Guo Jingming. (2009·山東德州)
A. who B. what C. that D. /
24..--Does the teacher know everybody ____ planted the trees? (2004年哈爾濱中考試題)
---Yes, he does.
A. which B. whose C. where D. who