設備管理：備件管理不容忽視

備件管理是實體資產可靠性與維護管理的一個基本要素。因此，對於一個完善的設備管理系統來說，能夠滿足備件管理流程在整個風險供應鏈的所有需求，是不可或缺的。以下是關於ISO-55001條款的重要引用以及我對此流程所提出的建議。

How spare parts are managed is an essential element in reliability and maintenance management of physical assets. It makes sense, then, for an organization’s asset-management system to address all requirements for spare-parts-management processes throughout the entire risk-posing supply chain. Here are key references to ISO-55001 clauses with my suggested questions regarding these processes.

規劃（第六條）

Planning (Clause 6)

6.1 解決資產管理系統風險與時機的措施

6.1 Actions to address risks and opportunities for the asset management system

• 因備件／備件管理流程故障，組織的風險目標應在何處？

• 應採取什麼措施防止備件故障帶來的不良影響？

• Where are the organization’s objectives at risk due to failures of spare parts and/or spare-parts-management processes?

• What practices should be put in place to prevent undesired effects from failures of spare parts?

6.2 資產管理目標與實施計劃

6.2 Asset-management objectives and planning to achieve them

• 如何實現構建相關組織職能與標準的資產管理目標（包括備件管理）？

• 資產管理目標戰略應如何解決備件供應鏈問題？

• How should asset-management objectives within relevant organizational functions and levels be structured to include spare-parts management?

• How should the strategic-asset-management plan address the spare-parts supply chain?

Support (Clause 7)

支持（第七條）

7.1 資源

7.1 Resources

• 管理備件供應鏈可能需要組織合作，那組織應在哪部分工作參與進來？

• 要維護備件管理流程的可靠性，需要什麼資源？

• Organizational collaboration may be required to manage the spare-parts supply chain. What parts of the organization should be involved?”

• What resources would be required to maintain reliable spare-parts-management processes?

7.2 能力

7.2 Competence

• 需要什麼技能與知識來確保備件管理流程能持續實現資產管理目標？

• What skills and knowledge are required to assure the spare-parts-management processes continue to achieve the asset-management objectives?

7.3 意識

7.3 Awareness

• 如何能確保參與者瞭解公司政策，目標與計劃？

• What ensures that those involved are aware of the company policy, objectives, and plan?

7.4 溝通

7.4 Communication

• 需要什麼溝通機制來確保有效的管理流程？

• What communication mechanisms are needed to assure effective management processes?

Operation (Clause 8)

運作（第八條）

8.1 運行策劃與控制

8.1 Operational planning and control

• 應實施怎樣的措施來確保備件管理流程按原計劃進行？

• What practices should be established to ensure that spare-parts-management processes are being carried out as planned?

8.2 變更管理

8.2 Management of change

• 需要什麼流程來確保任何備件管理流程的變更不會產生任何意想不到的結果？

• What processes are needed to ensure that any changes to the spare-parts-management processes don’t have any unintended consequences?

8.3 外包

8.3 Outsourcing

• 如何管理組織外的備件供應鏈來確保實現目標與計劃？

• How should the spare-parts supply chain outside the organization be managed to ensure that the objectives and plans are achieved? 

Performance evaluation (Clause 9)

績效評估（第九條）

9.1 監測，估量，分析與評估

9.1 Monitoring, measurement, analysis and evaluation

• 應對哪部分備件管理流程進行監測，估量，分析以及評估？

• What elements of the spare-parts-management processes should be monitored, measured, analyzed, and evaluated?

9.2 內部審核

9.2 Internal audit

• 應如何內審來評估備件管理流程的有效性與合規性？

• How should an internal audit be conducted to evaluate the effectiveness and compliance of the spare-parts-management process?

9.3 管理評審

9.3 Management review

• 高層管理人員應定期審查哪部分備件管理流程？

• What elements of the spare-parts-management process should be periodically reviewed by top management?

Improvement (Clause 10)

改善（第十條）

• 應採取哪些糾正措施來解決不合規定的備件管理流程？

• 應建立哪些流程來防止或者識別備件管理流程的潛質故障？

• 應建立什哪些持續改善流程來提高備件管理的效率與有效性？

• What corrective actions should be established to address non-conformity with the spare-parts-management processes?

• What processes should be in place to prevent failures or identify potential failures of the spare-parts-management processes?

• What continuous-improvement processes should be established to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the spare-parts-management processes? 

誠外無物 匠韻絕倫-工匠革新36技》是由設備管理界的領軍人物李葆文教授編著的匠心之作。作者著手對古今中外大量的工匠革新活動案例進行反覆比較研究，並按照其革新的主導思路進行了歸納，並以四字成語方式提出工匠革新三十六個技法，是一部真正力求"雅俗共賞"的科普性讀物。

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本文由特約編輯Bob Williamson編寫，譯者：陸佩泳。