Magdalend的《菲利普·漢德森肖像》賞析

馬格達倫傳奇大師 菲利普·漢德森肖像 法國狩獵和自然博物館

局部

胡安·德·佛蘭德斯 喬安娜肖像 Portrait of Joan the Mad 維也納藝術史博物館

參考譯文

菲利普一世（Philip I ，1478-1506），亦被稱為菲利普·漢德森（Philip Handsome）或菲利普·菲爾（Philip Fair），是哈布斯堡家族的第一個成員，卡斯蒂利亞國王。

菲利普一世是神聖羅馬皇帝馬克西米利安一世和他的第一任妻子瑪麗的兒子，菲利普在母親去世時不到四歲，母親去世後，他作為菲利普四世繼承了勃艮第公國和勃艮第荷蘭的大部分地區。1496年，父親安排他和卡斯蒂利亞的喬安娜結婚，喬安娜是阿拉貢和卡斯蒂利亞的統治者費迪南德和伊莎貝拉的二女兒。大約在同一時間，作為他們父親之間協議的一部分，菲利普的妹妹瑪格麗特與喬安娜的兄弟約翰結婚。在婚禮結束後的四年內，在她的兄弟、姐姐和侄子相繼去世後，喬安娜成為阿拉貢和卡斯蒂利亞的繼承人。1504年菲利普27歲時，岳母去世，喬安娜接替了母親的權力，幫助菲利普成為卡斯蒂利亞國王。僅在兩年後，菲利普去世，讓他的妻子悲痛欲絕。

作品細節

菲利普是西班牙第一位哈布斯堡王朝的君主，也是西班牙每一位君主的祖先，甚至直到今天。他在父親之前去世，因此從未繼承他父親的領地或成為神聖羅馬帝國皇帝。然而，他的兒子查理五世皇帝最終統一繼承了哈布斯堡王朝、勃艮第、卡斯蒂利亞和阿拉貢的遺產。菲利普在哈布斯堡歷史上佔有一席之地，因為他是王朝佔據其廣大土地的大部分地區的樞紐。通過從他的母親（包括今天的荷蘭，比利時和法國的部分地區）繼承勃艮第，通過與喬安娜結婚獲得西班牙及其在新大陸的大部分財產，菲利普在大大增強哈布斯堡王朝的領土方面發揮了重要作用，他的後代將在接下來的兩個世紀中開啟統治歐洲的歷史。

菲利普的妻子喬安娜是阿拉貢的凱瑟琳的姐姐，後者先後與亞瑟王子、威爾士親王和英格蘭國王亨利八世結婚。然而，菲利普在凱瑟琳和亨利結婚前去世了。他曾經訪問過英格蘭，年輕的亨利王子給他留下了深刻的印象。實際上，據說亨利認為菲利普提供了他所渴望的領導模式。

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Master of the Magdalen Legend，約活躍於1483-1527

是文藝復興早期荷蘭尼德蘭畫家。

“馬格達倫傳奇大師”是他的便利之名（Notname，對於身份不明的藝術家使用的通用名稱），

人物介紹(英文版）

Philip I (22 July 1478 – 25 September 1506),called the Handsome or the Fair, was the first member of the house of Habsburg to be King of Castile.

細節部分

The son of Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I by his first wife Mary, Philip was less than four years old when his mother died, and upon her death, he inherited the greater part of the Duchy of Burgundy and the Burgundian Netherlands as Philip IV. In 1496, his father arranged for him to marry Joanna of Castile, second daughter of Ferdinand and Isabella, rulers of Aragon and Castile respectively. Around the same time, Philip's sister Margaret was given in marriage to Joanna's brother John, as part of an agreement between their fathers. Within four years after the wedding, Joanna became heir presumptive to Aragon and Castile, following the deaths of her brother, elder sister and infant nephew during that period. In 1504, aged 27, Philip became king of Castile jure uxoris when his mother-in-law died and Joanna succeeded her. He died only two years later, leaving his wife distraught with grief.

Philip was the first Habsburg monarch in Spain, and is the progenitor of every later monarch of Spain, even up to today. He died before his father, and therefore never inherited his father's territories or became Holy Roman Emperor. However, his son Emperor Charles V eventually united the Habsburg, Burgundian, Castilian, and Aragonese inheritances. Philip holds a special place in Habsburg history because he was the pivot around which the dynasty acquired a large portion of its extensive lands. By inheriting Burgundy from his mother (which included present-day Netherlands, Belgium and parts of France) and by acquiring much of Spain and its possessions in the New World by marriage to Joanna, Philip was instrumental in vastly enhancing the territories of the Habsburgs, and his progeny would dominate European history for the next two centuries.

Philip's wife Joanna was an elder sister to Catherine of Aragon, who married successively the brothers Arthur, Prince of Wales and King Henry VIII of England. However, Philip died before Catherine and Henry were married. He did once visit England, and the young Prince Henry was much impressed with him. Indeed, Henry is said to have regarded Philip as providing a model of leadership towards which he aspired.

同名作品

菲利普一世肖像 Portrait of Philip the Fair 荷蘭國立博物館

菲利普國王半身像 König Philipp I. der Schöne Brustbild 維也納藝術史博物館

卡斯蒂利亞的菲利普一世肖像 Portrait of Philip I of Castile 荷蘭豪斯貝格城堡

（陰山工作室綜合整理編寫）